Table 5 Multiple logistic regression model predicting depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among type II diabetic outpatients
Variable | Categories | B | S.E. | Wald | p-value | aOR | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Lower | Upper |
Depression | ||||||||
Constant |  | −2.194 | 0.226 | 94.045 | 0.000 |  |  |  |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | 6.539 | 0.038 | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Malay* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
|  | Chinese | −0.002 | 0.185 | 0.000 | 0.993 | 1.00 | 0.70 | 1.44 |
| Â | Asian Indian | 0.337 | 0.142 | 5.619 | 0.018 | 1.40 | 1.06 | 1.85 |
Sex | Male* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Â | Female | 0.350 | 0.145 | 5.828 | 0.016 | 1.42 | 1.068 | 1.89 |
Marital Status | Â | Â | Â | 29.490 | 0.000 | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Never married | 0.931 | 0.300 | 9.656 | 0.002 | 2.54 | 1.41 | 4.57 |
| Â | Divorced/widowed/separated | 0.735 | 0.153 | 22.935 | 0.000 | 2.09 | 1.54 | 2.82 |
| Â | Married* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Psychiatric illness in family | No* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Â | Yes | 1.014 | 0.469 | 4.685 | 0.030 | 2.76 | 1.10 | 6.91 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | < 2 | 0.452 | 0.205 | 4.840 | 0.028 | 1.57 | 1.05 | 2.35 |
|  | ≥ 2* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Current drinker | No* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Â | Yes | 0.610 | 0.312 | 3.823 | 0.051 | 1.84 | 1.00 | 3.39 |
Anxiety | ||||||||
Constant |  | −1.474 | 0.293 | 25.217 | 0.000 | 0.229 |  |  |
Age Group (yrs) | Â | Â | Â | 11.180 | 0.048 | Â | Â | Â |
|  | 30 – 39* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
|  | 40 - 49 | −0.530 | 0.201 | 6.955 | 0.008 | 0.59 | 0.40 | 0.87 |
|  | 50 - 59 | −0.402 | 0.188 | 4.559 | 0.033 | 0.67 | 0.46 | 0.97 |
|  | 60 – 69 | −0.468 | 0.202 | 5.378 | 0.020 | 0.63 | 0.42 | 0.93 |
|  | 70 - 79 | −0.138 | 0.238 | 0.337 | 0.562 | 0.87 | 0.55 | 1.39 |
|  | ≥ 80 | −0.400 | 0.416 | 0.922 | 0.337 | 0.67 | 0.30 | 1.52 |
Current Job Status | Â | Â | Â | 17.848 | 0.001 | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Retired | 0.201 | 0.160 | 1.579 | 0.209 | 1.22 | 0.89 | 1.67 |
| Â | Unemployed | 0.220 | 0.140 | 2.448 | 0.118 | 1.25 | 0.95 | 1.64 |
| Â | Housewives | 0.474 | 0.158 | 9.020 | 0.003 | 1.61 | 1.18 | 2.19 |
| Â | Employed* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
HbA1c level (%) | ≤8.5* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Â | >8.5 | 0.298 | 0.091 | 10.649 | 0.001 | 1.35 | 1.13 | 1.61 |
Psychiatric illness in family | No* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Â | Yes | 0.876 | 0.419 | 4.368 | 0.037 | 2.40 | 1.06 | 5.46 |
Life events | No* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Â | Yes | 0.324 | 0.089 | 13.241 | 0.000 | 1.38 | 1.16 | 1.65 |
Physical Activity Status | Inactive | 0.304 | 0.090 | 11.542 | 0.001 | 1.36 | 1.13 | 1.62 |
| Â | Active* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Stress | ||||||||
Constant |  | −2.832 | 0.193 | 215.60 | 0.000 | 0.059 |  |  |
Sex | Male* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Female | 0.312 | 0.134 | 5.397 | 0.020 | 1.37 | 1.05 | 1.78 | |
HbA1c level (%) | ≤8.5* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
>8.5 | 0.493 | 0.123 | 16.119 | 0.000 | 1.64 | 1.29 | 2.08 | |
Co-morbidity | No* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Yes | 0.345 | 0.161 | 4.561 | 0.033 | 1.41 | 1.029 | 1.94 | |
Psychiatric illness in family | No* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Yes | 1.435 | .434 | 10.931 | 0.001 | 4.20 | 1.79 | 9.83 | |
Life events | No* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Yes | 0.292 | 0.123 | 5.592 | 0.018 | 1.34 | 1.05 | 1.71 | |
Current drinker | No* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Yes | 0.775 | 0.282 | 7.580 | 0.006 | 2.17 | 1.25 | 3.77 | |