Table 5 Summary of supervision frequency and the outcome

Twice per month using peer feedback [31], site visit by supervisor [69], weekly session from research staff [16].

Studies mentioned “effective in solving CHWs problems”, but supervisors mentioned that the biggest challenge was the expectation to cover a large geographical area.

Once per month using supportive supervision [17]

Improvement was reported in overall recognition and level of satisfaction regarding CHW performance among members of the community, from the baseline to the endline survey

Once per month [22]

CHWs who worked actively had less frequent supervision sessions than those who left the job or became inactive. CHWs who left the job reported having infrequent feedback from supervisors & overload work.

Once in three months [40, 70]

Ineffective supervision, leaving CHWs felt pressured to give reports to supervisors, saying “there is a gap between supervisor and CHWs.”