Limited incremental predictive value of the frailty index and other vulnerability measures from routine care data for mortality risk prediction in older patients with COVID-19 in primary care

Table 2 Model performance upon internal validation of penalized logistic regression

	Basic (age + sex + age*sex)	Basic + Frailty index	Basic + Cognitive impairment	Basic + eGFR	Basic + Number of drugs	Basic + CCI	Basic + CCS
AUC (95% CI)	0.69 (0.66, 0.72)	0.69 (0.66, 0.72)	0.69 (0.66, 0.72)	0.70 (0.67, 0.73)	0.70 (0.67, 0.73)	0.74 (0.71, 0.76)	0.74 (0.71, 0.76)
IPA, % (95% CI)	3.0 (-5.6, 11.5)	3.4 (-5.1, 11.8)	3.2 (-5.2, 11.7)	3.5 (-7.0, 14.0)	3.8 (-4.5, 12.1)	4.8 (-3.2, 12.8)	5.0 (-3.1, 13.1)

eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, CCI Charlson comorbidity index, CCS chronic comorbidity score, AUC area under the curve, CI confidence interval, IPA index of prediction accuracy

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