Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included older COVID-19 patients in primary care
|  | Total study population at baseline (n = 4,065) | Status after 28 days |  | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Survivors (n = 3,712) | Deceased patients (n = 353) | p-value* | ||
Demographics | ||||
 Age in years, median [IQR] | 77 [73, 83] | 76 [73, 82] | 82 [76, 88] |  < 0.001 |
 Female, n (%) | 2185 (53.8) | 2046 (55.1) | 139 (39.4) |  < 0.001 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
 Cardiovascular disease | 2898 (71.3) | 2609 (70.3) | 289 (81.9) |  < 0.001 |
 Hypertension | 2121 (52.2) | 1915 (51.6) | 206 (58.4) | 0.017 |
 Heart failure | 475 (11.7) | 402 (10.8) | 73 (20.7) |  < 0.001 |
 Coronary artery disease | 964 (23.7) | 868 (23.4) | 96 (27.2) | 0.123 |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 662 (16.3) | 574 (15.5) | 88 (24.9) |  < 0.001 |
 Peripheral artery disease | 349 (8.6) | 307 (8.3) | 42 (11.9) | 0.026 |
 Atrial fibrillation | 621 (15.3) | 544 (14.7) | 77 (21.8) |  < 0.001 |
 Diabetes | 1383 (34.0) | 1209 (32.6) | 174 (49.3) |  < 0.001 |
 Pulmonary disease | 1072 (26.4) | 952 (25.6) | 120 (34.0) | 0.001 |
 COPD | 493 (12.1) | 423 (11.4) | 70 (19.8) |  < 0.001 |
 Asthma | 507 (12.5) | 461 (12.4) | 46 (13.0) | 0.804 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 1061 (26.1) | 903 (24.3) | 158 (44.8) |  < 0.001 |
 Liver disease | 138 (3.4) | 127 (3.4) | 11 (3.1) | 0.882 |
 Dementia | 193 (4.7) | 147 (4.0) | 46 (13.0) |  < 0.001 |
 Immuno-compromiseda | 526 (12.9) | 455 (12.3) | 71 (20.1) |  < 0.001 |
 Cancer | 1129 (27.8) | 1028 (27.7) | 101 (28.6) | 0.760 |
Vulnerability measures | ||||
 Frailty Index, median [IQR] | 0.30 [0.22, 0.38] | 0.30 [0.20, 0.38] | 0.32 [0.24, 0.40] |  < 0.001 |
 CCS, median [IQR] | 2 [1, 3] | 2 [1, 3] | 3 [2, 4] |  < 0.001 |
 CCI, median [IQR] | 5 [4, 7] | 5 [4, 7] | 7 [5, 8] |  < 0.001 |
 Number of drugs, median [IQR] | 4 [1, 7] | 4 [1, 7] | 5 [2, 9] |  < 0.001 |
eGFR |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  < 15 | 18 (0.5) | 13 (0.4) | 5 (1.5) |  |
 15–30 | 124 (3.2) | 94 (2.7) | 30 (8.8) |  |
 30–45 | 353 (9.2) | 296 (8.4) | 57 (16.8) |  |
 45–60 | 746 (19.4) | 662 (18.9) | 84 (24.8) |  |
 60–75 | 1221 (31.8) | 1137 (32.5) | 84 (24.8) |  |
 75–90 | 1112 (28.9) | 1048 (29.9) | 64 (18.9) |  |
  > 90 | 268 (7.0) | 253 (7.2) | 15 (4.4) |  |
 Cognitive impairment, n (%) | 627 (15.4) | 528 (14.2) | 99 (28.0) |  < 0.001 |