Quality of care in patients with hypertension: a retrospective cohort study of primary care routine data in Germany

Table 2 Annual incidence and prevalence

Subgroup		Prior pandemic outbreak	After pandemic outbreak	p-value* (prior vs. after)
Subgroup	Incidence/Prevalence	2016-2020q1	2020q2-2022q1
all	Incidence^a	27.9	19.1	< 0.0001
n(%) = 30,691(100)	Prevalence^b	27.3	29.3	< 0.0001
sex differences
Female	Incidence^a	26.4	18.4	< 0.0001
n(%) = 16,929(55.2)	Prevalence^b	26.7	28.5	< 0.0001
Male	Incidence^a	29.8	20.0	< 0.0001
n(%) = 13,751(44.8)	Prevalence^b	28.2	30.2	< 0.0001
p-value*: Sex differences	Incidence	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
p-value*: Sex differences	Prevalence	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
Age^c differences
< 35	Incidence^b	4.4	3.8	< 0.0001
n(%) = 9172(29.9)	Prevalence^b	2.5	3.2	0.0240
35–64	Incidence^a	29.5	24.4	< 0.0001
n(%) = 14,159(46.1)	Prevalence^b	25.0	28.5	< 0.0001
65–79	Incidence^a	72.4	48.9	< 0.0001
n(%) = 5258(17.1)	Prevalence^b	59.7	63.4	< 0.0001
> 80	Incidence^a	85.6	52.7	< 0.0001
n(%) = 2102(6.8)	Prevalence^b	69.8	72.2	< 0.0001
p-value*: Age differences	Incidence	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
p-value*: Age differences	Prevalence	< 0.0001	< 0.0001

^*Bonferroni corrected. ^aIncidence: number of newly diagnosed hypertensive patients per thousand patients that visited a practice during the sample period divided by the number of considered years (i.e., 4.25 for the prior pandemic outbreak period and 2 for the post outbreak period); ^bPrevalence: number of hypertensive patients in % of all patients that visited a practice during the sample period divided by the number of considered years. ^cThe age of the patients at the beginning of the sample period (i.e., 2016) was considered

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