Table 1 Baseline characteristics for cases (patients with preventable harm) and matched population controls
Variable | Casesa | Controlsb |
|---|---|---|
Number of participants (n) | 4536 | 44,949 |
Female (%) | 57 | 57 |
Age, mean (SD) | 49 (21) | 49 (21) |
Age, range (yrs.) | 0–98 | 0–98 |
Cancer, n (%) b | 236 (5.2) | 1573 (3.5) |
Cardiovascular disease, n (%) b | 590 (13) | 3326 (7.4) |
Psychiatric diagnosis, n (%) b | 430 (9.5) | 2248 (5.0) |
Preventable harm reported in primary care, n (%) | 3292 (73) | – |
Preventable harm reported in emergency care, n (%) | 1244 (27) | – |
Psychiatric diagnoses, excluding those related to alcohol and drugs, n (%) | 313 (6.9) | 1809 (4.0) |
Psychiatric diagnoses, only those related to alcohol and drugs, n (%) | 117 (2.6) | 447 (1.0) |
Disposable income | ||
Lowest quartile, n (%) | 1024 (24) | 10,507 (25) |
2nd quartile, n (%) | 1213 (29) | 10,320 (25) |
3rd quartile, n (%) | 1076 (25) | 10,444 (25) |
4th quartile, n (%) | 921 (22) | 10,605 (25) |
Education level | ||
Elementary school or less (up to 9 years of school), n(%) | 933 (22) | 9547 (23) |
Secondary school (11 to 12 years of school), n (%) | 1993 (48) | 18,509 (45) |
Bachelor’s or master’s degree, n (%) | 1235 (30) | 12,621 (31) |
Post graduate education | 19 (0.45) | 381 (0.93) |
Foreign born vs born in Sweden, n (%) | 624 (14) | 7117 (16) |
Parental country of birth | ||
Two Swedish-born parents | 3403 (75) | 33,847 (75) |
One foreign-born parent | 314 (6.9) | 2629 (5.8) |
Two foreign-born parents | 189 (4.2) | 1356 (3.0) |