Table 1 The narrative elements proposed by Labov and Waletsky [23], adjusted for the present study
From: Physicians' messages in problematic sickness certification: a narrative analysis of case reports
Element | Sub-element | Description |
|---|---|---|
Abstract | Â | What the story is about |
Orientation | Â | Relevant background information |
Complicating action | Â | Sequential clauses providing chronology necessary for a narrative |
Evaluation | Â | Why the story was told, and the storytellers own opinions and values |
| Â | External evaluation | The storyteller expresses his or her opinion in explicit or implicit ways |
| Â | Internal evaluation | How the language is used to communicate values |
| Â | Comparators | Creating values by comparing what did and what did not happen |
| Â | Extension device | Connecting different episodes as if they were causally related |
| Â | Explications | The storytellers explications of what happened |
| Â | Lexical signalling | Use of strong, clearly evaluating words |
Resolution | Â | What happened in the end |
Coda | Â | Final remarks outside the story |