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Table 5 Patient characteristics and diagnoses independently associated with upper GI symptoms. The intercluster correlation coefficient (= PCP-practice) for this analysis is 0.00767 (95% CI 0.00382 - 0.0115).

From: Upper gastrointestinal symptoms, psychosocial co-morbidity and health care seeking in general practice: population based case control study

Variable†

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Contact frequency

 

   4 -7/year (versus 0-3/year)

3.36 (3.11-3.63)

   8-11/year (versus 0-3/year)

4.99 (4.50-5.54)

   >12/year (versus 0-3/year)

6.29 (5.53-7.15)

Digestive (excluding D02-03, 84-87*)

2.03 (1.89-2.17)

Musculoskeletal ‡

1.24 (1.17-1.31)

Psychological ‡

1.22 (1.14-1.31)

Neurological ‡

1.12 (1.03-1.22)

General ‡

1.11 (1.03-1.19)

Endocrine ‡

0.92 (0.85-0.99)

Ethnicity

 

   Native Dutch

Reference

   Western immigrant

1.12 (1.00-1.25)

   Non-Western immigrant

0.92 (0.82 - 1.04)

Level of education

 

   Low

1.20 (1.11-1.29)

   Intermediate

Reference

   High

0.87 (0.80-0.94)

Sex

 

   Female

Reference

   Male

0.67 (0.63-0.71)

Age (per year)

0.983 (0.981 - 0.985)

  1. †variables not reaching statistical significance: blood‡, eye‡, ear‡, respiratory‡, skin‡, urological‡, pregnancy/family planning‡, male genital‡, female genital‡, social problems‡, NSAID-use. ‡diagnosis in ICPC-subchapter during the period of registration. *diagnoses defining group of patients with upper GI symptoms
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