Epidemiology and research methodology in primary care

Section edited by Christos Lionis

This section covers, though is not limited to, all aspects of epidemiological research and research methodology within the context of primary care.

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  1. Research article

    Correlation between patients’ reasons for encounters/health problems and population density in Japan: a systematic review of observational studies coded by the International Classification of Health Problems in Primary Care (ICHPPC) and the International Classification of Primary care (ICPC)

    The Japanese health care system has yet to establish structured training for primary care physicians; therefore, physicians who received an internal medicine based training program continue to play a principal...

    Makoto Kaneko, Ryuichi Ohta, Naoki Nago, Motoharu Fukushi and Masato Matsushima

    BMC Family Practice 2017 18:87

    Published on: 13 September 2017

  2. Research article

    Moderate mental illness as a predictor of chronic disease prevention and screening

    Primary care plays a pivotal role in the provision of both mental health care and chronic disease prevention and screening (CDPS). Unfortunately, moderate mental illness (MMI) is associated with poorer general...

    Ginetta Salvalaggio, Christopher Meaney, Rahim Moineddin, Eva Grunfeld and Donna Manca

    BMC Family Practice 2017 18:73

    Published on: 17 June 2017

  3. Research article

    Heart failure labelled patients with missing ejection fraction in primary care: prognosis and determinants

    It is common to find a high variability in the accuracy of heart failure (HF) diagnosis in electronic primary care medical records (EMR). Our aims were to ascertain (i) whether the prognosis of HF labelled pat...

    Miguel-Angel Muñoz, Xavier Mundet-Tuduri, Jordi Real, José-Luis Del Val, Mar Domingo, Ernest Vinyoles, Ester Calero, Caterina Checa, Nuria Soldevila-Bacardit and José-María Verdú-Rotellar

    BMC Family Practice 2017 18:38

    Published on: 17 March 2017

  4. Research article

    Using self-reported data on the social determinants of health in primary care to identify cancer screening disparities: opportunities and challenges

    Data on the social determinants of health can help primary care practices target improvement efforts, yet relevant data are rarely available. Our family practice located in Toronto, Ontario routinely collects ...

    A.K. Lofters, A. Schuler, M. Slater, N.N. Baxter, N. Persaud, A.D. Pinto, E. Kucharski, S. Davie, R. Nisenbaum and T. Kiran

    BMC Family Practice 2017 18:31

    Published on: 28 February 2017

  5. Research article

    Musculoskeletal pain and co-morbid insomnia in adults; a population study of the prevalence and impact on restricted social participation

    Comorbidity is common in patients consulting in primary care. Musculoskeletal pain and insomnia each increase the risk of the other. Co-occurrence may pose an increased burden on well-being. However, the preva...

    Shula Baker, John McBeth, Carolyn A. Chew-Graham and Ross Wilkie

    BMC Family Practice 2017 18:17

    Published on: 7 February 2017

  6. Research article

    Use of a self-rating scale to monitor depression severity in recurrent GP consultations in primary care – does it really make a difference? A randomised controlled study

    Little information is available about whether the use of self-assessment instruments in primary care affects depression course and outcome. The purpose was to evaluate whether using a depression self-rating sc...

    C. Wikberg, J. Westman, E-L. Petersson, M. E. H. Larsson, M. André, R. Eggertsen, J. Thorn, H. Ågren and C. Björkelund

    BMC Family Practice 2017 18:6

    Published on: 19 January 2017

  7. Research article

    The burden of cardiovascular morbidity in a European Mediterranean population with multimorbidity: a cross-sectional study

    Cardiovascular diseases are highly represented in multimorbidity patterns. Nevertheless, few studies have analysed the burden of these diseases in the population with multimorbidity. The objective of this stud...

    Concepción Violán, Néker Bejarano-Rivera, Quintí Foguet-Boreu, Albert Roso Llorach, Mariona Pons-Vigués, Miguel Martin Mateo and Enriqueta Pujol-Ribera

    BMC Family Practice 2016 17:150

    Published on: 3 November 2016

  8. Research article

    Sex and age differences in the achievement of control targets in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from a population-based study in a South European region

    We aimed to determine the degree to which control targets of glycaemia and cardiovascular risk factors were achieved among patients with type 2 diabetes and to investigate sex- and age-related differences in t...

    K. Cambra, A. Galbete, L. Forga, O. Lecea, M. J. Ariz, C. Moreno-Iribas, F. Aizpuru and B. Ibañez

    BMC Family Practice 2016 17:144

    Published on: 12 October 2016

  9. Research article

    Comorbidities treated in primary care in children with chronic fatigue syndrome / myalgic encephalomyelitis: A nationwide registry linkage study from Norway

    Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is a complex condition. Causal factors are not established, although underlying psychological or immunological susceptibility has been proposed. We s...

    Inger J. Bakken, Kari Tveito, Kari M. Aaberg, Sara Ghaderi, Nina Gunnes, Lill Trogstad, Per Magnus, Camilla Stoltenberg and Siri E. Håberg

    BMC Family Practice 2016 17:128

    Published on: 2 September 2016

  11. Research article

    The respiratory research agenda in primary care in Portugal: a Delphi study

    A research agenda can help to stimulate and guide research. The International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG) published a Research Needs Statement (RNS) in 2010 in which 145 research questions were iden...

    Vera Araújo, Pedro M. Teixeira, John Yaphe and Jaime Correia de Sousa

    BMC Family Practice 2016 17:124

    Published on: 31 August 2016

  13. Research article

    Prevalence of potential underlying aetiology of macrocytic anaemia in Dutch general practice

    Macrocytic anaemia (MCV ≥ 100 fL) is a relatively common finding in general practice. However, literature on the prevalence of the different causes in this population is limited. The prevalence of macrocytic a...

    Karlijn Stouten, Jurgen A. Riedl, Jolanda Droogendijk, Rob Castel, Joost van Rosmalen, Ron J. van Houten, Paul Berendes, Pieter Sonneveld and Mark-David Levin

    BMC Family Practice 2016 17:113

    Published on: 19 August 2016

  14. Research article

    Prevalence of cramps in patients over the age of 60 in primary care : a cross sectional study

    Cramps are involuntary painful muscle contractions that mainly affect older people. Cramps may cause severe pain and sleep disturbance. Little information exists on the prevalence and the main features of cram...

    Hubert Maisonneuve, Juliette Chambe, Chloé Delacour, Joris Muller, Fabien Rougerie, Dagmar M. Haller and Michel Leveque

    BMC Family Practice 2016 17:111

    Published on: 12 August 2016

  15. Research article

    Comparison of 10 single and stepped methods to identify frail older persons in primary care: diagnostic and prognostic accuracy

    Many instruments have been developed to identify frail older adults in primary care. A direct comparison of the accuracy and prevalence of identification methods is rare and most studies ignore the stepped sel...

    Fleur L. Sutorius, Emiel O. Hoogendijk, Bernard A. H. Prins and Hein P. J. van Hout

    BMC Family Practice 2016 17:102

    Published on: 3 August 2016

  17. Research article

    Dizziness in older people: at risk of shared therapeutic nihilism between patient and physician. A qualitative study

    Dizziness-related impairment is a strong predictor for an unfavourable course of dizziness in older people. In this study we explored the experiences of older patients with significant dizziness-related impair...

    Hanneke Stam, Marjanne Wisse, Bram Mulder, Johannes C. van der Wouden, Otto R. Maarsingh and Henriëtte E. van der Horst

    BMC Family Practice 2016 17:74

    Published on: 16 July 2016

  18. Research article

    Multimorbidity and use of hypnotic and anxiolytic drugs: cross-sectional and follow-up study in primary healthcare in Iceland

    The prevalence of multimorbidity is increasing worldwide, presumably leading to an increased use of medicines. During the last decades the use of hypnotic and anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivatives and related ...

    Kristjan Linnet, Larus S. Gudmundsson, Frida G. Birgisdottir, Emil L. Sigurdsson, Magnus Johannsson, Margret O. Tomasdottir and Johann A. Sigurdsson

    BMC Family Practice 2016 17:69

    Published on: 6 June 2016

  19. Research article

    Association between multimorbidity patterns and chronic pain in elderly primary care patients: a cross-sectional observational study

    Multimorbidity is a highly prevalent health problem, which may reduce adherence, produce conflicts in treatment, and is not yet supported by evidence-based clinical recommendations. Many older people suffer fr...

    Martin Scherer, Heike Hansen, Jochen Gensichen, Karola Mergenthal, Steffi Riedel-Heller, Siegfried Weyerer, Wolfgang Maier, Angela Fuchs, Horst Bickel, Gerhard Schön, Birgitt Wiese, Hans-Helmut König, Hendrik van den Bussche and Ingmar Schäfer

    BMC Family Practice 2016 17:68

    Published on: 6 June 2016

  20. Research article

    Cross-cultural validation of the Turkish Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) using differential item and test functioning (DIF and DTF) analysis

    The Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) is originally a Dutch 50 item questionnaire developed in primary care to assess distress, depression, anxiety and somatization. We aimed to develop and validat...

    Berend Terluin, Pemra C. Unalan, Nurver Turfaner Sipahioğlu, Seda Arslan Özkul and Harm W. J. van Marwijk

    BMC Family Practice 2016 17:53

    Published on: 11 May 2016

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