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Epidemiology and research methodology in primary care

This section covers, though is not limited to, all aspects of epidemiological research and research methodology within the context of primary care.

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  1. Complete growth measurements are an essential part of pediatric care providing a proxy for a child’s overall health. This study describes the frequency of well-child visits, documented growth measurements, and...

    Authors: Leanne Kosowan, John Page, Jennifer Protudjer, Tyler Williamson, John Queenan and Alexander Singer

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:191

    Content type: Research article

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  2. Primary prevention guidelines recommend the use of the Framingham risk score (FRS) to estimate the 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in patients without diabetes for statin eligibility. However, the FR...

    Authors: Saif Al-Shamsi

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:175

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common and impacts psychosocial wellbeing negatively. Many do not seek medical attention and several barriers for healthcare seeking with ED exist. Little is known about the associ...

    Authors: Sanne Rasmussen, Kirubakaran Balasubramaniam, Dorte Ejg Jarbøl, Jens Søndergaard and Peter Fentz Haastrup

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:166

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Chronic lifestyle-related-diseases can be prevented by healthy lifestyle. Patients at high risk of disease may benefit from targeted health checks in general practice. However, general-practice-based-studies h...

    Authors: Caroline Braad Hansen, Kristian Møller Hornbæk Pavlovic, Jens Sondergaard and Trine Thilsing

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:159

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Multimorbidity is frequently encountered in primary care and is associated with increasing use of healthcare services. The Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use is a multilevel framework classifying...

    Authors: Mia Messi, Yolanda Mueller, Dagmar M. Haller, Andreas Zeller, Stefan Neuner-Jehle, Sven Streit, Bernard Burnand and Lilli Herzig

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:150

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Social and environmental factors in advanced heart failure (HF) patients may be crucial to cope with the end stages of the disease. This study analyzes health inequalities and mortality according to place of r...

    Authors: Miguel-Angel Muñoz, Raquel Garcia, Elena Navas, Julio Duran, José-Luis Del Val-Garcia and José-Maria Verdú-Rotellar

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:145

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) is an important modifiable risk factor for recurrent stroke. Secondary prevention measures when implemented can reduce stroke re-occurrence by 80%. However, hypertension contro...

    Authors: Róisín Doogue, David McCann, Noirin Fitzgerald, Andrew W. Murphy, Liam G. Glynn and Peter Hayes

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:139

    Content type: Research article

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  9. General practitioners (GPs) often manage individuals with work-related common mental disorders (CMD: depressive disorders, anxiety and alcohol abuse). However, little is known about the ways in which they proc...

    Authors: M. Rivière, Y. Toullic, P. Lerouge, T. Blanchon, A. Leroyer, L. Plancke, T. Prazuck, M. Melchior and N. Younès

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:132

    Content type: Research article

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  10. This study aimed to investigate the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care+ (PACIC+) which is a tool to assess care for Chronic Conditions combining PACIC items with an overall 5As score derived from the ‘...

    Authors: Maria Malliarou, Eleni Bakola, Athanasios Nikolentzos and Pavlos Sarafis

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:122

    Content type: Research article

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  11. There is a high prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescriptions in primary care. This is associated with more frequent adverse events, lower quality of life and more frequent visits to hospital accident ...

    Authors: Antonio Olry de Labry Lima, Jorge Marcos Marcos, Alfonso Marquina Marquez, María de los Ángeles González Vera, Antonio Matas Hoces and Clara Bermúdez Tamayo

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:100

    Content type: Research article

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  13. The study is part of a randomised controlled trial with the overall aim to evaluate if use of the Work Stress Questionnaire (WSQ), combined with feedback at consultation, can be used by healthcare professional...

    Authors: Pernilla J. Bjerkeli, Ingmarie Skoglund and Kristina Holmgren

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:70

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) provides a framework to understand how interventions are implemented, embedded, and integrated in healthcare settings. Previous reviews of published literature have examined ...

    Authors: Lisa Huddlestone, Jessica Turner, Helen Eborall, Nicky Hudson, Melanie Davies and Graham Martin

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:52

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Obesity is a major risk factor behind some of the most common problems encountered in primary care. Although effective models for obesity treatment have been developed, the ‘reach’ of these interventions is po...

    Authors: Christie A. Befort, Danny Kurz, Jeffrey J. VanWormer and Edward F. Ellerbeck

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:47

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Despite an unparalleled global refugee crisis, there are almost no studies in primary care addressing real-world conditions and longer courses of treatment that are typical when resettled refugees present to t...

    Authors: Andrea K. Northwood, Maria M. Vukovich, Alison Beckman, Jeffrey P. Walter, Novia Josiah, Leora Hudak, Kathleen O’Donnell Burrows, James P. Letts and Christine C. Danner

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:17

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Paracetamol is recommended as first-line treatment for pain control in osteoarthritis because it has fewer side effects than do other therapeutic options, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs...

    Authors: Massimo Vicentini, Pamela Mancuso, Paolo Giorgi Rossi, Sara Di Pede, Morena Pellati, Alberto Gandolfi, Daniela Zoboli, Daniela Riccò, Corrado Busani and Alessandra Ferretti

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2019 20:169

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Primary care providers (PCPs) have always played an important role in cancer diagnosis. There is increasing awareness of the importance of their role during treatment and survivorship. We examined changes in P...

    Authors: K. Decker, R. Moineddin, C. Kendell, R. Urquhart, N. Biswanger, P. Groome, M. L. McBride, M. Winget, M. Whitehead and E. Grunfeld

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2019 20:161

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Variation at different levels of diabetes care has not yet been quantified for low- and middle-income countries. Understanding this variation and its magnitude is important to guide policy makers in designing ...

    Authors: Yvonne Mei Fong Lim, Swee Hung Ang, Nazrila Hairizan Nasir, Fatanah Ismail, Siti Aminah Ismail and Sheamini Sivasampu

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2019 20:158

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Health care-related harm is an internationally recognized threat to public health. The United Kingdom’s national health services demonstrate that upwards of 90% of health care encounters can be delivered in am...

    Authors: Andrew Carson-Stevens, Stephen Campbell, Brian G. Bell, Alison Cooper, Sarah Armstrong, Darren Ashcroft, Matthew Boyd, Huw Prosser Evans, Rajnikant Mehta, Christina Sheehan, Aziz Sheikh and Anthony Avery

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2019 20:134

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Alcohol use by health care professionals is one of the potential factors that may affect the prevention of hazardous drinking in Primary Care (PC). The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of ...

    Authors: Esperanza Romero-Rodríguez, Luis Ángel Pérula de Torres, Juan Manuel Parras Rejano, Fernando Leiva-Cepas, Francisco Camarelles Guillem, Rodrigo Fernández Márquez and José Ángel Fernández García

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2019 20:104

    Content type: Research article

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  22. People with low health literacy (HL) are at increased risk of poor health outcomes, and receive less benefit from healthcare services. However, healthcare practitioners can effectively adapt healthcare informa...

    Authors: Paul Campbell, Martyn Lewis, Ying Chen, Rosie J. Lacey, Gillian Rowlands and Joanne Protheroe

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2019 20:101

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Despite the increasing use of medical records to measure quality of care, studies have shown that their validity is suboptimal. The objective of this study is to assess the concordance of cardiovascular care p...

    Authors: Cynthia Khanji, Mireille E. Schnitzer, Céline Bareil, Sylvie Perreault and Lyne Lalonde

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2019 20:92

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Multimorbid patients may experience a high burden of treatment. This has a negative impact on treatment adherence, health outcomes and health care costs. The objective of our study was to identify factors asso...

    Authors: Lilli Herzig, Andreas Zeller, Jérôme Pasquier, Sven Streit, Stefan Neuner-Jehle, Sophie Excoffier and Dagmar M Haller

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2019 20:88

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Older adults suffer from various chronic conditions which make them particularly vulnerable. The proper management of multiple drug use is therefore crucial. The aim of our study was to describe drug prescript...

    Authors: Marina Guisado-Clavero, Concepción Violán, Tomàs López-Jimenez, Albert Roso-Llorach, Mariona Pons-Vigués, Miguel Angel Muñoz and Quintí Foguet-Boreu

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2019 20:82

    Content type: Research article

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  27. The public primary healthcare system in Greece has not been fully developed and is delivered by urban and rural health centers, outpatient departments in public hospitals and the recently established first-con...

    Authors: Daphne Kaitelidou, Charalambos Economou, Petros Galanis, Olympia Konstantakopoulou, Olga Siskou, Silviu Domente, Dolf de Boer, Wienke G. Boerma and Peter P. Groenewegen

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2019 20:49

    Content type: Research article

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  28. The implementation of early palliative care within a primary care setting is a recent academic topic. Recruiting General Practitioners (GPs) to participate in a palliative care study can be challenging. The pr...

    Authors: B. Leysen, B. Van den Eynden, A. Janssens and J. Wens

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2019 20:40

    Content type: Research article

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  29. The management of hyperglycaemia and associated cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may reduce diabetes-related complications. The strategy to broaden the knowledge bas...

    Authors: Àngels Molló, Anna Berenguera, Esther Rubinat, Bogdan Vlacho, Manel Mata, Josep Franch, Bonaventura Bolíbar and Dídac Mauricio

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2019 20:25

    Content type: Study protocol

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  30. The PR1MaC study was conducted to evaluate the integration of Chronic Disease Prevention and Management services into primary care practices and was reported effective. The aim of this study was to further exp...

    Authors: Martin Fortin, Maud-Christine Chouinard, Bayero Boubacar Diallo and Tarek Bouhali

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2019 20:7

    Content type: Research article

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  31. Multimorbidity has already become common in primary care and will be a challenge in the future. Primary care in Sweden participates to a great extent in the care of patients with two severe, chronic conditions...

    Authors: Elzbieta Kaszuba, Håkan Odeberg, Lennart Råstam and Anders Halling

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2018 19:178

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Frailty is a condition of increasing importance, given the aging adult population. With an anticipated shortage of geriatricians, primary care physicians will increasingly need to manage care for frail adults ...

    Authors: David R Lee, Eilann C Santo, Joan C Lo, Miranda L Ritterman Weintraub, Mary Patton and Nancy P Gordon

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2018 19:170

    Content type: Research article

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  33. Standardised generic patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) which measure health status are often unresponsive to change in primary care. Alternative formats, which have been used to increase responsiveness...

    Authors: Mairead Murphy, Sandra Hollinghurst and Chris Salisbury

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2018 19:162

    Content type: Research article

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  34. Iron deficiency in early childhood has been associated with poor developmental outcomes. Little is known about the nutritional health of young children receiving care at Canadian Community Health Centres (CHCs...

    Authors: Imaan Bayoumi, Patricia C. Parkin, Gerald Lebovic, Rupa Patel, Kendra Link, Catherine S. Birken, Jonathon L. Maguire and Cornelia M. Borkhoff

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2018 19:161

    Content type: Research article

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  35. Promoting the collection and use of health related outcome measures (HROM) in daily practice has long been a goal for improving and assessing the effectiveness of care provided to patients. However, there has ...

    Authors: Pasqualina Santaguida, Lisa Dolovich, Doug Oliver, Larkin Lamarche, Anne Gilsing, Lauren E. Griffith, Julie Richardson, Dee Mangin, Monika Kastner and Parminder Raina

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2018 19:152

    Content type: Study protocol

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  36. Empathy is widely regarded as being key to effective consultation in general practice. The Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) Measure is a widely used and well-validated patient-rated measure in Englis...

    Authors: Takaharu Matsuhisa, Noriyuki Takahashi, Muneyoshi Aomatsu, Kunihiko Takahashi, Jo Nishino, Nobutaro Ban and Stewart W. Mercer

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2018 19:138

    Content type: Research article

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  37. Treatment complexity rises in line with the number of drugs, single doses, and administration methods, thereby threatening patient adherence. Patients with multimorbidity often need flexible, individualised tr...

    Authors: Fiona von Buedingen, Marc S. Hammer, Andreas D. Meid, Walter E. Müller, Ferdinand M. Gerlach and Christiane Muth

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2018 19:131

    Content type: Research article

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  38. No studies that have measured the role of nursing care plans in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our objectives were firstly, to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing Standardized...

    Authors: J. Cárdenas-Valladolid, A. López-de Andrés, R. Jiménez-García, M. J. de Dios-Duarte, P. Gómez-Campelo, C. de Burgos-Lunar, F. J. San Andrés-Rebollo, J. C. Abánades-Herranz and M. A. Salinero-Fort

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2018 19:125

    Content type: Research article

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  39. There are few areas of health care where sufficient research-based evidence exists and primary health care is no exception. In the absence of such evidence, the development of assisted support must be based on...

    Authors: Elisabeth Søndergaard, Ruth K. Ertmann, Susanne Reventlow and Kirsten Lykke

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2018 19:117

    Content type: Research article

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  40. Novel oral anticoagulation (NOAC) has been introduced in recent years, but data on use in atrial fibrillation (AF) in primary care setting is scarce. In Germany, General Practitioners are free to choose type o...

    Authors: Simon Schwill, Katja Krug, Frank Peters-Klimm, Jan van Lieshout, Gunter Laux, Joachim Szecsenyi and Michel Wensing

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2018 19:115

    Content type: Research article

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  41. Polypharmacy is common in older people and associated with potential harms. The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of an older multimorbid population with polypharmacy and to identify factors...

    Authors: Anja Rieckert, Ulrike S. Trampisch, Renate Klaaßen-Mielke, Eva Drewelow, Aneez Esmail, Tim Johansson, Sophie Keller, Ilkka Kunnamo, Christin Löffler, Joonas Mäkinen, Giuliano Piccoliori, Anna Vögele and Andreas Sönnichsen

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2018 19:113

    Content type: Research article

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  42. The purpose of this study was to ascertain multimorbidity patterns using a non-hierarchical cluster analysis in adult primary patients with multimorbidity attended in primary care centers in Catalonia.

    Authors: Concepción Violán, Albert Roso-Llorach, Quintí Foguet-Boreu, Marina Guisado-Clavero, Mariona Pons-Vigués, Enriqueta Pujol-Ribera and Jose M. Valderas

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2018 19:108

    Content type: Research article

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  43. Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) integrates best available evidence from literature and patients’ values, which then informs clinical decision making. However, there is a lack of validated instruments to assess t...

    Authors: Ranita Hisham, Chirk Jenn Ng, Su May Liew, Pauline Siew Mei Lai, Yook Chin Chia, Ee Ming Khoo, Nik Sherina Hanafi, Sajaratulnisah Othman, Ping Yein Lee, Khatijah Lim Abdullah and Karuthan Chinna

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2018 19:98

    Content type: Research article

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  44. Across Canada and internationally we have poor infrastructure to regularly collect survey data from primary care practices to supplement data from chart audits and physician billings. The purpose of this work ...

    Authors: Sabrina T. Wong, William Hogg, Fred Burge, Sharon Johnston, Ilisha French and Stephanie Blackman

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2018 19:87

    Content type: Research article

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  45. QUALICOPC is an international survey of primary care performance. QUALICOPC data have been used in several studies, yet the representativeness of the Canadian QUALICOPC survey is unknown, potentially limiting ...

    Authors: Allanah Li, Shawna Cronin, Yu Qing Bai, Kevin Walker, Mehdi Ammi, William Hogg, Sabrina T. Wong and Walter P. Wodchis

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2018 19:77

    Content type: Research article

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  46. Falls and the resulting complications are common among frail older adults. We aimed to explore risk factors and potential prevention strategies for falls in elderly residents of Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCF).

    Authors: Emily J. Cameron, Susan K. Bowles, Emily Gard Marshall and Melissa K. Andrew

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2018 19:73

    Content type: Research article

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  47. Cluster randomized controlled trials are often used in research in primary care but creates challenges regarding biases and confounders. We recently presented a study on low back pain from primary care in Norw...

    Authors: Erik L. Werner, Ida Løchting, Kjersti Storheim and Margreth Grotle

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2018 19:71

    Content type: Research article

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  48. Faced with patients suffering from more than one chronic condition, or multimorbidity, general practitioners (GPs) must establish diagnostic and treatment priorities. Patients also set their own priorities to ...

    Authors: Anouk Déruaz-Luyet, Alexandra A. N’Goran, Jérôme Pasquier, Bernard Burnand, Patrick Bodenmann, Stefan Zechmann, Stefan Neuner-Jehle, Nicolas Senn, Daniel Widmer, Sven Streit, Andreas Zeller, Dagmar M. Haller and Lilli Herzig

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2018 19:66

    Content type: Research article

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  49. Over one million asylum seekers were registered in Germany in 2016, most from Syria and Afghanistan. The Refugee Convention guarantees access to healthcare, however delivery mechanisms remain heterogeneous. Th...

    Authors: Laura F. Goodman, Guy W. Jensen, Joseph M. Galante, Diana L. Farmer and Stephanie Taché

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2018 19:64

    Content type: Research article

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  50. burnout syndrome is a significant problem in nursing professionals. Although, the unit where nurses work may influence burnout development. Nurses that work in primary care units may be at higher risk of burno...

    Authors: Carolina S. Monsalve-Reyes, Concepción San Luis-Costas, Jose L. Gómez-Urquiza, Luis Albendín-García, Raimundo Aguayo and Guillermo A. Cañadas-De la Fuente

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2018 19:59

    Content type: Research article

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