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Table 4 Initial treatments rendered – grouped by high prognostic risk or yellow flag factor presence

From: The influence of a MOBile-based video Instruction for Low back pain (MOBIL) on initial care decisions made by primary care providers: a randomized controlled trial

 

Prognostic Risk

(STarT Back Screening Tool)

Yellow Flag Domains from OSPRO-YF

Negative Mood

Positive Affect and Coping

Fear Avoidance

Low/Med (N = 170)

High (N = 38)

OR (95 CI)

YES (N = 111)

NO (N = 97)

OR (95 CI)

YES (N = 153)

NO (N = 55)

OR (95 CI)

YES (N = 162)

NO (N = 46)

OR (95 CI)

Any pharmacological treatment

113

28

1.41

(0.64 to 3.11)

78

63

1.28

(0.71 to 2.28)

109

32

1.78

(0.94 to 3.38)

116

25

2.12

(1.08 to 4.15)

- Opioid Rx

6

5

4.14a

(1.19 to 14.37)

9

2

4.19

(0.88 to 19.89)

11

0

–

11

0

–

- NSAID Rx

89

20

1.01

(0.50 to 2.05)

58

57

0.77

(0.44 to 1.33)

84

25

1.46

(0.79 to 2.71)

91

18

2.0a

(1.02 to 3.89)

- Muscle Relaxers

61

14

1.04

(0.50 to 2.16)

44

31

1.40

(0.79 to 2.48)

56

19

1.19

(0.62 to 2.26)

59

16

1.07

(0.54 to 2.13)

- Toradol Injection

10

2

0.89

(0.19 to 4.23)

7

5

1.24

(0.38 to 4.04)

10

2

1.85

(0.39 to 8.74)

11

1

3.28

(0.41 to 26.08)

- Analgesic Patch

20

6

1.41

(0.52 to 3.78)

11

15

0.60

(0.26 to 1.38)

19

7

0.97

(0.38 to 2.46)

21

5

1.22

(0.43 to 3.44)

- Vitamin D

11

3

1.24

(0.33 to 4.68)

11

3

3.45

(0.93 to 12.74)

9

5

0.63

(0.20 to 1.95)

11

3

1.04

(0.28 to 3.91)

TENS

11

2

0.80

(0.17 to 3.78)

4

9

0.37

(0.11 to 1.23)

8

5

0.55

(0.17 to 1.76)

11

2

1.04

(0.28 to 3.91)

Specialty Referral

109

25

1.08

(0.51 to 2.26)

68

66

0.74

(0.42 to 1.32)

97

37

0.84

(0.43 to 1.62)

106

28

1.22

(0.62 to 2.39)

- Physical Therapy

87

16

50

53

77

26

84

19

- Chiropractor

20

5

13

12

14

11

18

7

- Pain Management

3

4

4

3

6

1

5

2

- Orthopaedics

1

1

2

0

2

0

1

1

- Neurosurgery

1

2

3

0

3

0

3

0

Diagnostic Imaging

- Lumbar X-ray

50

8

0.64

(0.27 to 1.49)

31

27

0.63

(0.35 to 1.13)

46

12

1.54

(0.74 to 3.19)

49

9

1.78

(0.80 to 3.98)

- Lumbar MRI

17

7

2.03

(0.78 to 5.31)

16

8

1.87

(0.76 to 4.59)

16

8

0.69

(0.28 to 1.71)

21

3

2.13

(0.61 to 7.50)

  1. Note: The OR reflects the odds of the high risk group or presence of yellow flag in reference to the low/medium risk group or absence of yellow flag, with bolded values a being statistically significant; OSPRO-YF = Optimal Screening for Prediction or Referral and Outcome Yellow Flag; OR = Odds Ratio; NSAID = Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs