Table 3 Initial Treatments Rendered for Low Back Pain Between Intervention Groups
|  | Usual Care (N = 105) | App Education Intervention (N = 103) | Odds Ratioa (95 CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
Pharmacological | |||
Opioid Prescription | 5 | 6 | 1.24 (0.37 to 4.19) |
NSAID Prescription | 54 | 55 | 1.08 (0.63 to 1.87) |
Muscle Relaxer Prescription | 34 | 41 | 1.38 (0.78 to 2.44) |
Ketolodac Injection | 7 | 5 | 0.71 (0.22 to 2.33) |
Analgesic Patch | 19 | 7 | 0.33 (0.13 to 0.82)b |
Vitamin D | 9 | 5 | 0.54 (0.18 to 1.68) |
TENS | 6 | 7 | 1.20 (0.39 to 3.71) |
Specialty Referral | 67 | 67 | 1.06 (0.60 to 1.86) |
- Physical Therapy | 50 | 53 | Â |
- Chiropractor | 12 | 13 | |
- Pain Management | 2 | 5 | |
- Orthopaedics | 1 | 1 | |
- Neurosurgery | 3 | 0 | |
Diagnostic Imaging | |||
- Lumbar X-ray | 28 | 30 | 1.13 (0.62 to 2.07) |
- Lumbar MRI | 16 | 8 | 0.47 (0.19 to 1.15) |
- X-ray & MRI ordered same day | 6 | 5 | 0.84 (0.25 to 2.85) |
Received No Carec | 7 | 8 | 1.18 (0.41 to 3.38) |
Number of Interventions | |||
- 2 or more (versus 1 or less) | 64 | 59 | 0.86 (0.50 to 1.50) |
- 3 or more (versus 2 or less) | 32 | 28 | 0.85 (0.47 to 1.55) |
- 4 or more (versus 3 or less) | 3 | 5 | 1.74 (0.40 to 7.45) |