A pragmatic randomized trial of a primary care antimicrobial stewardship intervention in Ontario, Canada

BMC Primary Care

Table 2 Comparison of antibiotic prescribing outcomes in intervention and control clinics for main infections combined^a

Arm	N	Crude Rate	Unadjusted GEE Estimate		Adjusted GEE Estimate^c
Arm	N	Crude Rate	OR (95% CI^b)	P	OR (95% CI)	p
Total Antibiotic Prescriptions
Control	763	325 (42.6%)
Intervention	609	297 (48.8%)	1.72 (1, 2.98)	0.05	0.78 (0.64, 0.96)	0.02
Delayed Antibiotic Prescriptions
Control	324^d	38 (11.7%)
Intervention	294	65 (22.1%)	1.13 (0.47, 2.68)	0.79	2.29 (1.37, 3.83)	<0.01
Prescription Duration Longer than 7 Days^e
Control	273	80 (29.3%)
Intervention	258	55 (21.3%)	0.34 (0.12, 1.01)	0.05	0.24 (0.13, 0.43)	<0.0001
First Line Antibiotic Choice^f
Control	232	197 (84.9%)
Intervention	258	238 (92.2%)	2.2 (2.02, 2.4)	<0.0001	1.41 (0.66, 3.01)	0.37

^aURI, sore throat, acute sinusitis, acute bronchitis, acute cystitis^b 95% confidence interval; ^cadjusted for case-mix of conditions, age, sex, afterhours visits, and baseline prescribing rate; ^d denominators differ from total prescriptions in some cases due to missing data; ^e sore throat cases excluded from analysis ^fexcluding URI and bronchitis where any antibiotic is considered inappropriate

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