Table 2 Variables of clinical prediction rules for urinary tract infections
Clinical prediction rule | Variables |
|---|---|
UTIcalc score | Clinical features together with dipstick test (leukocyte esterase and nitrite), and/or urine white blood cells and/or gram stain |
 - Age < 12 m | |
 - Temperature ≥ 39 °C | |
 - Nonblack race | |
 - Female or uncircumcised mail | |
 - Other fever source | |
DUTY score, clean catch samples | Clinical features with dipstick test: |
 - Pain or crying while urinating (2 points) | |
 - Smelly urine (2 points) | |
 - History of UTI (1 point) | |
 - Absence of cough (2 points) | |
 - Score > 6 on severity of illness scale 0–10 (2 points) | |
 - Leukocyte esterase positive (2 points) | |
 - Nitrite positive (3 points) | |
 - Blood positive (1 point) | |
DUTY score, nappy pad samples | Clinical features with dipstick test: |
 - Female gender (1 points) | |
 - Smelly urine (2 points) | |
 - Darker urine (1 point) | |
 - No nappy rash (4 points) | |
 - Leukocyte esterase positive (2 points) | |
 - Nitrite positive (3 points | |
Kuppermann score | ≥1 abnormal blood or urine biomarkers: |
 - Absolute neutrophil count ≤4090/μL | |
 - Procalcitonin ≤1.71 ng/mL | |
 - Leukocyte esterase ≥trace | |
 - Nitrite positive | |
 - White blood cells ≥5/hpf | |
NICE traffic light score | Amber or red colour on the NICE traffic light score or urine dipstick positive |