First contacted professional | Physician (Intervention n = 84, control n = 51) | Physiotherapist (Intervention n = 67, control n = 114) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | |||
Imaging (yes/no)a | % (n) | % (n) | OR (95% CI); P value | % (n) | % (n) | OR (95% CI); P value |
Imaging 3 months | 7.3 (6) | 29.4 (15) | 0.15 (0.09–0.24); < 0.001 | 10.4 (7) | 11.4 (13) | 1.23 (0.30–5.61); 0.729 |
Imaging 12 months | 15.7 (13) | 42 (21) | 0.23 (0.16–0.33); < 0.001 | 17.9 (12) | 22.3 (25) | 0.91 (0.37–2.25); 0.842 |
Radiographs 3 months | 6.0 (5) | 19.6 (10) | 0.21 (0.19–0.23); < 0.001 | 4.5 (3) | 6.1 (7) | 0.88 (0.17–4.57); 0.882 |
Radiographs 12 months | 8.3 (7) | 23.5 (12) | 0.28 (0.25–0.31); < 0.001 | 9.0 (6) | 12.4 (14) | 0.79 (0.31–2.02); 0.616 |
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 3 months | 3.6 (3) | 13.7 (7) | 0.17 (0.09–0.32); < 0.001 | 8.7 (6) | 5.3 (6) | 1.76 (0.57–5.48); 0.329 |
MRI 12 months | 9.5 (8) | 23.5 (12) | 0.33 (0.16–0.70); 0.004 | 15.9 (11) | 16.8 (19) | 0.91 (0.48–1.71); 0.760 |
PROMIS T-scoreb | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean difference (CI); P value | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean difference (CI); P value |
Baseline | 42.8 (1.0) | 42.2 (1.2) | 0.60 (-3.9 to 5.1); 0.713 | 45.9 (0.9) | 44.9 (0.8) | 1.1 (-1.4 to 3.5); 0.391 |
Change 3 m | 3.1 (1.1) | 1.3 (1.2) | 1.87 (-1.4 to 5.1); 0.254 | 2.2 (1.0) | 1.3 (0.8) | 0.9 (-1.7 to 3.6); 0.488 |
Change 12 m | 2.7 (1.7) | 1.3 (1.8) | 1.44 (-5.0 to 7.9); 0.591 | 1.7 (1.7) | 2.6 (1.3) | -0.9 (-8.7 to 6.8); 0.704 |
Sick leave daysc | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | RR (95% CI); P value | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | RR (95% CI); P value |
3 months | 4.9 (10.6) | 13.0 (23.2) | 0.35 (0.20–0.64); 0.001 | 1.4 (7.8) | 7.7 (21.6) | 0.24 (0.09–0.71); 0.010 |
12 months | 6.9 (16.7) | 16.0 (30.1) | 0.34 (0.23–0.51); < 0.001 | 4.5 (17.9) | 28.6 (78.6) | 0.17 (0.07–0.45); < 0.001 |
LBP-related health care appointmentsc | ||||||
Physician 3 months | 1.6 (1.5) | 2.2 (1.4) | 0.65 (0.55–0.75); < 0.001 | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.6 (1.2) | 0.39 (0.18–0.84); 0.017 |
Physician 12 months | 2.0 (2.2) | 3.0 (2.0) | 0.60 (0.49–0.72); < 0.001 | 0.9 (1.7) | 1.2 (2.3) | 0.72 (0.27–1.89); 0.501 |
Physiotherapist 3 months | 0.8 (1.3) | 0.6 (0.93) | 0.90 (0.59–1.58); 0.897 | 2.0 (1.2) | 1.6 (0.9) | 1.29 (1.16–1.43); < 0.001 |
Physiotherapist 12 months | 1.3 (2.6) | 1.2 (1.6) | 0.80 (0.47–1.37); 0.417 | 2.8 (2.1) | 2.4 (2.6) | 1.05 (1.02–1.09); < 0.001 |
Nurse 3 months | 0.3 (0.8) | 0.1 (0.4) | 1.22 (0.22–6.81); 0.823 | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.1 (0.3) | 1.39 (0.39–4.99); 0.617 |
Nurse 12 months | 0.8 (1.7) | 0.2 (0.7) | 1.73 (0.39–7.77); 0.474 | 0.3 (1.5) | 0.1 (0.3) | 5.19 (1.16–23.3); 0.031 |
Secondary health care 3 months | 0.37 (0.92) | 0.39 (0.67) | 0.79 (0.75–0.82); < 0.001 | 0.2 (0.9) | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.86 (0.30–2.50); 0.783 |
Secondary health care 12 months | 0.57 (1.17) | 0.53 (0.98) | 0.91 (0.88–0.95); < 0.001 | 0.6 (1.4) | 0.8 (2.1) | 0.84 (0.34–2.08); 0.699 |