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Table 2 Pain-related characteristics of the study population and first contacting professional during the study

From: Patient education booklet to support evidence-based low back pain care in primary care – a cluster randomized controlled trial

Characteristics

Intervention (n = 212)

Control (n = 203)

P-value for the difference between intervention and control groups

Missing^^ in intervention %(n)

Missing^^ in control %(n)

Electronic patient records data

     

First contacting professional^ % (n)2

  

0.001

10.8 (23)

9.4(19)

Physician

44.4 (84)

27.7 (51)

   

Nurse and physician

12.2 (23)

9.2 (17)

   

Physiotherapist

43.4 (83)

62.0 (114)

   

Nurse alone

0.0 (0)

1.1 (2)

   

Baseline questionnaire data

     

Back pain intensity during past week1 (NRS, 0–10)

5.1 (2.4)

4.9 (2.5)

0.455

31.6 (67)

20.7 (42)

Leg pain intensity during past week1 (NRS 0–10)

3.7(3.3)

3.3 (3.0)

0.376

31.6 (67)

20.7 (42)

SBT total score1

4.5 (2.3)

4.6 (2.3)

0.702

31.6 (67)

20.7 (42)

SBT risk groups2

  

0.731

31.6 (67)

20.7 (42)

Low risk2

37.2 (54)

32.9 (53)

   

Medium2

40.0 (50)

42.9 (69)

   

High2

22.8 (33)

24.2 (39)

   

ÖMPSQ-short total score1

43.0 (17.3)

43.2 (19.6)

0.914

31.6 (67)

20.7 (42)

ÖMPSQ-short risk groups*2

  

0.615

31.6 (67)

20.7 (42)

Low risk2

48.3 (70)

44.1 (71)

   

Medium2

18.6 (27)

17.4 (28)

   

High2

33.1 (48)

38.5 (62)

   

Pain-related fear (FABQ)3

34.0 (29.5)

37.0 (36.5)

0.249

31.6 (67)

20.7 (42)

Pain-related fear (FABQ) -Work**3

13.0 (17.0)

16.0 (21.5)

0.213

  

Pain-related fear (FABQ) -Physical activity***3

13.0 (8.0)

14.0 (9.5)

0.773

  

Pain Self-Efficacy beliefs Questionnaire (PSEQ)3

44.0 (18.0)

45.0 (20.0)

0.908

31.6 (67)

20.7 (42)

Physical functioning (PROMIS PF-20 T-score)1

44.7 (6.7)

43.8 (7.4)

0.271

34.3 (73)

25.1 (51)

Physical impairment, (RMDQ)3

5.0 (7.0)

6.0 (8.0)

0.049

37.3 (79)

29.6 (60)

Disability (ODI%)1

23.9 (8.4)

24.1 (8.9)

0.832

31.6 (67)

20.7 (42)

Self-rated health status1 (1–100)

67.1 (21.1)

67.2 (20.8)

0.953

31.9 (68)

20.7 (42)

LBP frequence (daily LBP yes/no)2

43.4 (63)

50.9 (82)

0.191

31.6 (67)

20.7 (42)

Duration of LBP2

  

0.586

31.6 (67)

20.7 (42)

3 weeks or less

31.7 (46)

33.5 (54)

   

4 to 52 weeks

44.8 (65)

47.8 (77)

   

over one year

23.4 (35)

18.6 (30)

   

Pain medication use ≥ 3 days during past week2

46.9 (68)

46.0 (74)

0.870

31.6 (67)

20.7 (42)

  1. 1Mean (standard deviation), p-value for between-group difference from independent-samples T-test
  2. 2Percentage (frequency), p-value for between-group difference from Chi-square test
  3. 3Median (interquartile range), p-value for between-group difference from Mann–Whitney U-test
  4. ^Contacts to other professional before and after study consent allowed
  5. ^^Missing data include lost to follow-up
  6. *Low-risk (0‒39 points), Medium-risk (40‒49 points) and High-risk (50‒100 points)
  7. **FABQ (Fear Avoidance Believes Questionnaire) work – items 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15
  8. ***FABQ physical activity – items 2, 3, 4, 5
  9. NRS (Numeral Rating Scale), SBT (Start-Back Tool), ÖMPSQ (Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire), PSEQ (Pain Self Efficacy Questionnaire), PROMIS PS-20 T-score (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, 20-item physical functioning short form T-score), RMDQ-24 (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire 24 form), ODI (Oswestry Disability Index)
  10. ** and *** Waddell G, Newton M, Henderson I, Somerville D, Main CJ. A Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and the role of fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic low back pain and disability. Pain. 1993 Feb;52(2):157–68
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