Patient education booklet to support evidence-based low back pain care in primary care – a cluster randomized controlled trial

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population

Characteristics	Intervention (n = 212)	Control (n = 203)	missing %(n)	P value for difference between intervention and control groups
Age^a (years)	41.4 (12.8)	44.6 (12.6)	0 (0)	0.011
Gender female^b	60.8 (129)	67.0 (136)	0 (0)	0.193
Physically inactive^b (light exercise ≤ 1/month)	4.8 (7)	3.7 (6)	26.3 (109)	0.778
Body mass index^a (kg/m²)	27.8 (5.8)	27.8 (5.2)	26.3 (109)	0.984
Smoking^b	29.0 (42)	29.8 (48)	26.3 (109)	0.871
DEPS score^c	5.0 (8.0)	6.0 (8.5)	26.3 (109)	0.118
Actively working^b	57.9 (84)	56.5 (91)	26.3 (109)	0.804
Work ability^c (0–10)	7.0 (8.0)	7.0 (8.0)	26.3 (109)	0.279
Comorbidity ^b			26.9 (112)
Diabetes	3.5 (5)	9.3 (15)		0.062
Rheumatoid arthritis	1.4 (2)	1.9 (3)		1.000
Spondylarthritis	0	0.6 (1)		1.000
Osteoarthritis	18.2 (26)	25.5 (41)		0.130
Depression	17.5 (25)	22.4 (36)		0.317
Fibromyalgia	2.1 (3)	3.1 (5)		0.727
Inflammatory bowel disease	1.4 (2)	5.0 (8)		0.110
Muscle disease	0.7 (1)	0		0.470

^aMean (standard deviation), p value for between-group difference from independent-samples T-test
^bPercentage (frequency), p value for between-group difference from Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact
^cMedian (interquartile range), p value for between-group difference from Mann–Whitney U-test
LBP (Low Back Pain), DEPS (Depression Scale)

ISSN: 2731-4553