Overall Control | OR (95% CI) | P-value | aOR (95% CI) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (in years) | ||||
 Less than 45 | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 45 to 64 | 0.80 (0.59, 1.09) | 0.162 | 0.88 (0.63, 1.24) | 0.759 |
 65 and above | 0.87 (0.64, 1.18) |  | 0.88 (0.62, 1.25) |  |
Sex | ||||
 Female | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Male | 1.20 (1.09, 1.32) |  < 0.001 | 1.23 (1.10, 1.38) | 0.001 |
Race | ||||
 Chinese | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Malay | 0.74 (0.61, 0.89) |  | 0.72 (0.58, 0.90) |  |
 Indian | 0.89 (0.68, 1.15) | 0.012 | 0.93 (0.69, 1.25) | 0.040 |
 Others | 0.93 (0.67, 1.29) |  | 0.95 (0.66, 1.38) |  |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | ||||
 Less than 23 | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 23 to 27.4 | 0.92 (0.81, 1.04) |  < 0.001 | 0.92 (0.81, 1.04) |  < 0.001 |
 More than 27.4 | 0.70 (0.60, 0.81) |  | 0.72 (0.62, 0.84) |  |
Smoking status | ||||
 No | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Yes | 0.91 (0.76, 1.09) | 0.287 | 0.91 (0.75, 1.11) | 0.365 |
Ischemic heart disease | ||||
 No | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Yes | 1.04 (0.90, 1.19) | 0.621 | 0.92 (0.78, 1.08) | 0.290 |
Atrial Fibrillation | ||||
 No | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Yes | 1.53 (1.30, 1.81) |  < 0.001 | 1.46 (1.21, 1.78) |  < 0.001 |
Chronic Kidney Disease | ||||
 No | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Yes | 0.96 (0.87, 1.06) | 0.451 | 0.91 (0.81, 1.03) | 0.131 |