Table 3 Association of caregiver and patient characteristics with outpatient medical follow-up (primary care) 4–12 months post-stroke
Variable | Reference category | Primary care visits (4 - 12 months) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IRR (95% CI) | P-value | aIRRa (95% CI) | P-value | ||
Caregiver factors | |||||
 Age (in years) |  | 1.005 (0.999, 1.011) | 0.127 |  |  |
 Gender | Male | 0.978 (0.810, 1.180) | 0.816 |  |  |
 Ethnicity | Non-Chinese | 0.981 (0.833, 1.154) | 0.816 |  |  |
 Marital status | Single | 1.050 (0.860, 1.281) | 0.633 |  |  |
 Caregiver relationship | Spouse |  | 0.115 |  |  |
 Adult-child |  | 0.989 (0.823, 1.187) |  |  | |
 Sibling |  | 0.606 (0.355, 1.034) |  |  | |
 Others |  | 1.248 (0.926, 1.682) |  |  | |
 Comorbid conditions | None |  | 0.418 |  |  |
  1 |  | 1.124 (0.925, 1.365) |  |  | |
  2 |  | 1.093 (0.830, 1.441) |  |  | |
  ≥3 |  | 0.869 (0.633, 1.194) |  |  | |
 Co-residing with patient | No | 1.218 (0.925, 1.604) | 0.160 |  |  |
 Caring for multiple care recipients | No | 0.998 (0.847, 1.176) | 0.980 |  |  |
Revised memory and behavior checklist | |||||
 Memory problems |  | 0.988 (0.974, 1.003) | 0.108 |  |  |
 Depressive behavior problems |  | 0.980 (0.962, 0.999) | 0.035 |  |  |
 Disruptive behavior problems |  | 0.996 (0.974, 1.019) | 0.714 |  |  |
Caregiver burden | |||||
 Oberst caregiving burden scale |  | 0.989 (0.982, 0.995) | 0.001 |  |  |
 Zarit burden interview |  | 0.994 (0.983, 1.004) | 0.232 |  |  |
Family conflict | |||||
 Attitude towards patient |  | 0.978 (0.961, 0.995) | 0.013 |  |  |
 Attitude towards caregiver |  | 0.987 (0.970, 1.006) | 0.173 |  |  |
Social support (instrumental) | |||||
 FDW for general help | No | 1.233 (0.988, 1.539) | 0.064 |  |  |
 FDW for stroke patient | No | 0.681 (0.515, 0.901) | 0.007 |  |  |
 Social support (perceived) |  | 1.000 (0.984, 1.017) | 0.987 |  |  |
Care management strategies | |||||
 Positive strategies |  | 0.996 (0.989, 1.004) | 0.332 |  |  |
 Negative strategies |  | 0.995 (0.978, 1.013) | 0.600 |  |  |
Patient factors | |||||
 Age (in years) |  | 0.998 (0.991, 1.006) | 0.686 |  |  |
 Gender | Male | 0.828 (0.696, 0.986) | 0.034 |  |  |
 Ethnicity | Non-Chinese | 0.899 (0.764, 1.058) | 0.199 |  |  |
 Marital status | Single | 1.148 (0.928, 1.419) | 0.204 |  |  |
 Ward class | Unsubsidized | 1.137 (0.833, 1.551) | 0.418 |  |  |
 CCI | 1 - 3 |  | 0.002 |  | 0.023 |
 4 - 6 |  | 1.526 (1.207, 1.928) | 1.655 (1.152, 2.378) | ||
 >= 7 |  | 1.471 (1.102, 1.963) | 1.590 (0.999, 2.527) | ||
 Stroke type | Non-ischemic | 1.805 (1.304, 2.497) | <0.001 | 1.867 (1.137, 3.066) | 0.014 |
 Recurrent stroke | No | 0.893 (0.712, 1.120) | 0.328 |  |  |
 National Institute of Health Scale | Mild (0-4) |  | <0.001 |  | 0.010 |
 Moderately severe (5-14) |  | 0.686 (0.575, 0.819) | 0.649 (0.490, 0.859) | ||
 Severe (15-24) |  | 0.558 (0.360, 0.865) | 0.813 (0.414, 1.596) | ||
 Modified rankin scale | No or slight disability (0-2) |  |  |  |  |
 Moderate or severe disability (3-5) |  | 0.724 (0.616, 0.851) | <0.001 |  |  |
 Mini-mental state examination | No cognitive impairment (24-30) |  | 0.003 |  |  |
 Mild cognitive impairment (18-23) |  | 1.086 (0.903, 1.307) |  |  | |
 Severe cognitive impairment (1-17) |  | 0.679 (0.528, 0.874) |  |  | |
 Discharge to community hospital | No | 0.766 (0.628, 0.935) | 0.009 |  |  |
 Centre for epidemiological studies depression scale |  | 1.006 (0.992, 1.021) | 0.387 |  |  |