Table 2 Overview of Interventions
Participant Categories | Objectives | Interventions | Tools | Methods |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Behavioural risk group | To incorporate lifestyle modifications to manage diabetes and hypertension in patients | Individual level 1) Risk management strategies for alcohol consumption, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and low-fat diet recipes, and specific monitoring strategies for salt, sugar, and oil intake. 2) Graded reduction strategies for alcohol consumption and smoking; Linking to de-addiction centres if necessary. | Healthy lifestyle- specific brochures, videos on anatomical explanation on unhealthy habits and its foreseeable effects, chronic condition-specific leaflets, and monitoring charts | Household visits by ASHA workers once in a month |
Family level 3) Obesity intervention programmes for potential patients by providing a customised diet plan. | Diet charts and recipe books | Information booklet-based family consultations by ASHA workers | ||
Community level 4) Community awareness generation regarding the effect of unhealthy habits and sedentary lifestyle on chronic conditions | Brochures, health calendars, and health-related videos | ASHA workers spend 10–15 minutes in community meetings to speak about healthy lifestyle | ||
Social risk group | To bring about changes in individuals and families by promoting more social networks and ties with others in the community | Family level 1) Forming beneficiary groups of participants 2) Availing services such as free medicines, micro-pharmacy, doctor emergencies, and transportation facilities to hospitals | Brochures and handouts comprising details of already existing support systems | Individual- and family-level consultations and connecting to existing NGOs and other functionaries |
Community level 3) Awareness generation regarding support services, government welfare and health schemes, nongovernment organisations, and other informal provisions and resources | Beneficiary groups, and handouts with the details of agencies along with their address and phone number | Creation of beneficiary groups by ASHA workers, and distribution of brochures | ||
Cognitive risk group | To modify the negative cognition of patients through cognitive techniques for better mental health | Individual level 1) Cognitive and behavioural steps, and referral to family counselling centres (FCCs) | Case management technique videos and awareness classes | FCC staff to provide therapy sessions, and ASHA workers to generate awareness on common mental health conditions |
Family level 2) Strategies to improve connections between family members 3) Community linkage for socially vulnerable patients | Increasing the frequency of visits to these vulnerable families | House visits by ASHA workers and encouraging frequent contacts |