Table 5 Factors associated with expectations and beliefs regarding management of low back pain, including only the subgroup of patients endorsing LBP in the last 12 months, weights are included
No further examinations (n = 538/712) | Imaging in acute LBP (n = 561/712) | Prescription for massages (n = 618/712) | Injection therapy (n = 583/712) | Referral for physiotherapy in acute LBP (n = 591/712) | Continue everyday activity (n = 601/712) | There is no effective treatment for LBP (n = 437/712) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent variable | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
Gender | |||||||
Male | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
Female | 1.19 (1.02, 1.39) | 0.90 (0.79, 1.01) | 1.74 (1.53, 1.98) | 1.08 (0.95, 1.22) | 1. 40 (1.23, 1.59) | 2.15 (1.89, 2.45) | 1.03 (0.85, 1.23) |
Age in years (continuously) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.03 (1.03, 1.04) | 1.01 (1.01, 1.02) |
Educational level | |||||||
< 10 years of school | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
10 years | 0.81 (0.65, 0.99) | 0.82 (0.69, 0.96) | 1.06 (0.89, 1.28) | 0.56 (0.48 0.66) | 1.20 (1.02, 1.42) | 0.85 (0.71, 1.01) | 0.55 (0.45, 0.68) |
> 10 years | 1.22 (0.96, 1.56) | 0.55 (0.47, 0.66) | 0.74 (0.60, 0.90) | 0.22 (0.19, 0.27) | 1.11 (0.92, 1.33) | 1.34 (1.09, 1.64) | 0.36 (0.28, 0.47) |
Self-assessed health status | |||||||
Excellent/very good | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
Good | 0.82 (0.65, 1.03) | 1.77 (1.51, 2.07) | 1.56 (1.33, 1.84) | 0.97 (0.84, 1.14) | 1.98 (1.70, 2.31) | 0.63 (0.53, 0.75) | 1.22 (0.94, 1.58) |
Poor | 0.66 (0.51, 0.85) | 2.49 (2.07, 2.99) | 2.15 (1.75, 2.63) | 0.90 (0.75, 1.09) | 1.78(1.48, 2.15) | 0.44 (0.36, 0.54) | 3.21 (2.42, 4.26) |
Low back pain on a 10-point scale in the last year | |||||||
Mild (0–5) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
Moderate (6, 7) | 0.73 (0.62, 0.86) | 1.07 (0.94, 1.22) | 0.87 (0.75, 1.00) | 1.23 (1.08, 1.41) | 0.90 (0.78, 1.04) | 0.84 (0.73, 0.97) | 0.65 (0.53, 0.80) |
Severe (8–10) | 0.40 (0.33, 0.49) | 1.02 (0.86, 1.22) | 1.08 (0.88, 1.32) | 0.84 (0.71, 1.00) | 0.85 (0.71, 1.03) | 0.56 (0.47 0.68) | 1.28 (1.02, 1.62) |
analgesics for low back pain in the last 12 months | |||||||
No | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
Yes | 0.65 (0.55, 0.76 | 0.85 (0.76, 0.96) | 0.74 (0.65, 0.85) | 1.37 (1.22, 1.54) | 1.25 (1.11, 1.41 | 1.33 (1.16, 1.51) | 0.96 (0.81, 1.15) |
Prior imaging for LBP |
| – | – | – | – | ||
Yes | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||||
No | 2. 41 (2.08, 2.79) | 0.63 (0.55, 0.71) | |||||
Prior injection therapy | – | – | – | – | – | ||
No | 1 (Reference) | ||||||
Yes | 2.19 (1.96, 2.45) | ||||||