Table 4 Factors associated with expectations and beliefs regarding management of low back pain, including all participants with available data, weights are included
No further examinations (n = 753/977) | Imaging in acute LBP (n = 765/977) | Prescription for massages (n = 836/977) | Injection therapy (n = 788/977) | Referral for physiotherapy in acute LBP (n = 808/977) | Continue everyday activity (n = 811/977) | There is no effective treatment for LBP (n = 600/977) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent variable | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
Gender | |||||||
Male | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
Female | 1.08 (0.96, 1.23) | 0.69 (0.62, 0.76) | 1.43 (1.28, 1.59) | 0.81 (0.73, 0.90) | 1.22 (1.10, 1.35) | 2.47 (2.22, 2.76 | 0.98 (0.85, 1.15) |
Age in years (continuously) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) |
Educational level | |||||||
< 10 years of school | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
10 years | 1.10 (0.94, 1.28) | 1.06 (0.93, 1.21) | 1.13 (0.98, 1.31) | 0.74 (0.64, 0.84) | 1.25 (1.09, 1.43) | 0.95 (0.82, 1.09 | 0.51 (0.43, 0.61) |
> 10 years | 2.10 (1.75, 2.53) | 0.74 (0.64, 0.85) | 0.85 (0.73, 1.00) | 0.30 (0.26, 0.35) | 0.94 (0.81, 1.09) | 1.93 (1.63, 2.28) | 0.31 (0.25, 0.38) |
Self-assessed health status | |||||||
Excellent/very good | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
Good | 0.61 (0.51, 0.72) | 1.35 (1.19, 1.52) | 1.16 (1.02, 1.32) | 0.79 (0.70, 0.90) | 1.72 (1.52, 1.94) | 0.69 (0.61, 0.80) | 0.96 (0.79, 1.17) |
Poor | 0.37 (0.31, 0.45) | 2.36 (2.04, 2.74) | 1.18 (1.00, 1.39) | 0.84 (0.72, 0.97) | 1.45 (1.24, 1.68) | 0.41 (0.35, 0.49) | 2.06 (1.66, 2.56) |
Low back pain | |||||||
Not in the last 12 months | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
In the last 12 months | 1.67 (1.45, 1.92) | 1.47 (1.31, 1.65) | 1.26 (1.12, 1.42) | 0.85 (0.76, 0.96) | 1.29 (1.15, 1.45) | 1.13 (0.99, 1.28) | 0.80 (0.67, 0.96) |
Now | 1.00 (0.85, 1.18) | 0.98 (0.85, 1.14) | 1.64 (1.40, 1.92) | 0.61 (0.52, 0.70) | 1.39 (1.20, 1.61) | 2.36 (1.99, 2.80) | 1.30 (1.06, 1.59) |
Prior injection therapy | – | – | – | – | – | ||
No | 1 (Reference) | ||||||
Yes | 2.14 (1.94, 2.35) | ||||||