Table 1 Examples of macro-, meso- and micro-level influences on implementation of consultations with trained interpreters

Resources for interpreting services are essential but are not always available [16]

Interpreters may be inadequately trained and accredited; primary care providers may be inadequately trained to work with interpreters [8, 17]

The dynamics of interpreted consultations are unfamiliar and can feel demanding. They can present demands for establishing trusting relationships between the doctor and patient [18, 19]