Predictor Variables | Un adjusted mean | (SD) | Adjusted mean | (SD) | β | 95% C.I | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of chronic condition(s) | |||||||
 1 or 2 | 0.871 | (0.198) | 0.837 | (0.034) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 ≥ 3 | 0.804 | (0.251) | 0.785 | (0.032) | −0.064 | (−0.125, − 0.003) | 0.04* |
Age (years) | |||||||
 < 50 | 0.754 | (0.304) | 0.737 | (0.042) | −0.137 | (− 0.246, − 0.029) | 0.01* |
 50–54 | 0.846 | (0.217) | 0.837 | (0.042) | −0.01 | (− 0.095, 0.075) | 0.82 |
 55–59 | 0.845 | (0.222) | 0.828 | (0.036) | −0.021 | (− 0.091, 0.050) | 0.57 |
 60–64 | 0.871 | (0.187) | 0.845 | (0.036) | REFERENCE | – | – |
Sex | |||||||
 Male | 0.843 | (0.224) | 0.801 | (0.035) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 Female | 0.843 | (0.224) | 0.82 | (0.032) | 0.023 | (−0.040, 0.087) | 0.48 |
Ethnicity | |||||||
 Chinese | 0.854 | (0.212) | 0.845 | (0.034) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 Non-Chinese | 0.795 | (0.265) | 0.777 | (0.037) | −0.084 | (−0.174, 0.005) | 0.06 |
Main spoken language | |||||||
 English | 0.86 | (0.249) | 0.837 | (0.036) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 Mandarin | 0.835 | (0.214) | 0.778 | (0.034) | −0.073 | (−0.148, 0.001) | 0.05 |
 Malay/Tamil/ Others | 0.838 | (0.206) | 0.817 | (0.040) | −0.025 | (− 0.116, 0.066) | 0.59 |
Marital status | |||||||
 Married | 0.856 | (0.206) | 0.845 | (0.038) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 Othersa | 0.797 | (0.275) | 0.777 | (0.034) | −0.084 | (− 0.171, 0.003) | 0.06 |
Education | |||||||
 Primary/ No formal | 0.835 | (0.218) | 0.807 | (0.038) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 Secondary | 0.843 | (0.239) | 0.814 | (0.036) | 0.009 | (−0.066, 0.083) | 0.82 |
 Post-secondary | 0.851 | (0.205) | 0.811 | (0.035) | 0.005 | (−0.087, 0.097) | 0.91 |
Employment | |||||||
 Employed | 0.847 | (0.217) | 0.83 | (0.032) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 Unemployed/ Retired | 0.832 | (0.239) | 0.792 | (0.036) | −0.047 | (−0.116, 0.022) | 0.18 |
Monthly Household Income | |||||||
 < $2000 | 0.828 | (0.284) | 0.807 | (0.037) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 $2000–$3999 | 0.861 | (0.193) | 0.831 | (0.038) | 0.03 | (−0.059, 0.119) | 0.51 |
 $4000–$5999 | 0.808 | (0.242) | 0.791 | (0.041) | −0.02 | (− 0.120, 0.079) | 0.69 |
 ≥ $6000 | 0.866 | (0.186) | 0.812 | (0.045) | 0.006 | (−0.100, 0.113) | 0.91 |
 Not disclosed | 0.848 | (0.202) | 0.811 | (0.038) | 0.005 | (−0.090, 0.100) | 0.92 |
Dwelling | |||||||
 Institution/ HDB 1–3 room | 0.841 | (0.247) | 0.824 | (0.035) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 HDB 4 room | 0.822 | (0.222) | 0.791 | (0.036) | −0.041 | (−0.122, 0.040) | 0.32 |
 Other dwellingsb | 0.87 | (0.207) | 0.817 | (0.038) | −0.009 | (− 0.096, 0.079) | 0.85 |
Home Ownership | |||||||
 Owner-occupied | 0.855 | (0.211) | 0.842 | (0.029) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 Not owner-occupied | 0.743 | (0.296) | 0.78 | (0.045) | −0.077 | (−0.192, 0.037) | 0.19 |
Living arrangement | |||||||
 Living alone | 0.919 | (0.129) | 0.874 | (0.054) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 Living with others | 0.837 | (0.228) | 0.751 | (0.024) | −0.151 | (−0.274, − 0.028) | 0.02* |