The quality of primary care in community health centers: comparison among urban, suburban and rural users in Shanghai, China

Shi, Jianwei; Jin, Hua; Shi, Leiyu; Chen, Chen; Ge, Xuhua; Lu, Yuan; Zhang, Hanzhi; Wang, Zhaoxin; Yu, Dehua

doi:10.1186/s12875-020-01250-6

Table 2 Comparison of Participants’ Characteristics from CHCs in Urban, Suburban, and Rural Areas of Shanghai

From: The quality of primary care in community health centers: comparison among urban, suburban and rural users in Shanghai, China

Variable	Group			District						Chi-square	P value
		Total (n = 2404)		Urban (n = 767)		Suburb (n = 819)		Rural (n = 818)
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Socio-demographic characteristics
Gender	Male	1087	45.22	329	42.89	358	43.71	400	48.90	6.90	0.03
Gender	Female	1317	54.78	438	57.11	461	56.29	418	51.10
Age (year)	≤ 60	504	20.97	128	16.69	207	25.27	169	20.66	22.62	< 0.001
	61–70	1149	47.80	380	49.54	392	47.86	377	46.09
	> 70	751	31.24	259	33.77	220	26.86	272	33.25
Marital status	Married	2377	98.88	752	98.04	813	99.27	812	99.27	7.03	0.03
Marital status	Unmarried	27	1.12	15	1.96	6	0.73	6	0.73
Employment status	Employed	869	36.15	69	9.00	223	27.23	577	70.54	692.06	< 0.001
Employment status	Unemployed/retired	1535	63.85	698	91.00	596	72.77	241	29.46
Education (missing = 6)	Primary school or below	900	37.53	29	3.78	383	46.76	488	59.66	688.04	< 0.001
	Junior school	848	35.36	329	42.89	287	35.04	232	28.36
	Senior high school	450	18.77	294	38.33	85	10.38	71	8.68
	College or above	200	8.34	115	14.99	64	7.81	21	2.57
Average monthly family income (RMB)	< 3000	835	34.73	35	4.56	186	22.71	614	75.06	967.48	< 0.001
	3000–4000	515	21.42	225	29.34	195	23.81	95	11.61
	4001–6000	503	20.92	259	33.77	187	22.83	57	6.97
	≥6000	305	12.69	137	17.86	145	17.70	23	2.81
	Not sure	246	10.23	111	14.47	106	12.94	29	3.55
Health insurance	No	420	17.47	143	18.64	115	14.04	162	19.80	10.50	0.01
Health insurance	Yes	1984	82.53	624	81.36	704	85.96	656	80.20
Health service utilization
Frequency of seeking health service in CHC	More than once per month	1750	72.80	635	82.79	600	73.26	515	62.96	94.51	< 0.001
	Every one to three months	311	12.94	71	9.26	119	14.53	121	14.79
	More than every three months	245	10.19	43	5.61	75	9.16	127	15.53
	Don’t know/Not sure	98	4.08	18	2.35	25	3.05	55	6.72
Times seeking outpatient service in the previous year	≤10	801	33.32	123	16.04	283	34.55	395	48.29	344.99	< 0.001
	10–14	626	26.04	168	21.90	251	30.65	207	25.31
	15–20	326	13.56	123	16.04	155	18.93	48	5.87
	> 20	651	27.08	353	46.02	130	15.87	168	20.54
Hospitalization in the previous year (missing = 27)	0	2084	87.67	665	86.70	729	89.01	690	84.35	14.8	0.01
	1	231	9.72	86	11.21	61	7.45	84	10.27
	≥2	62	2.61	13	1.69	18	2.20	31	3.79
Self-perceived health status	Poor/Fair	1381	57.45	504	65.71	342	41.76	535	65.40	125.02	< 0.001
Self-perceived health status	Good/Excellent	1023	42.55	263	34.29	477	58.24	283	34.60
Physical or mental disease lasting over one year	Yes	527	21.92	155	20.21	202	24.66	170	20.78	34.95	< 0.001
	No	1698	70.63	579	75.49	563	68.74	556	67.97
	Not sure	179	7.45	33	4.30	54	6.59	92	11.25
Chronic disease	Yes	2141	89.06	705	91.92	716	87.42	720	88.02	9.58	0.01
Chronic disease	No	263	10.94	62	8.08	103	12.58	98	11.98

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ISSN: 2731-4553

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