Table 3 Overview of the reported barriers and facilitators

 Geographical context

–

–

 Epidemiological context

Multi-morbidity [31, 33, 43]

People aged ≥85 years [33]

Mental health problems [35]

–

 Socio-cultural context

Cultural background [33, 43]

Low health literacy [43]

Gender [33, 43]

Frequency of general practice visits [33, 43]

–

 Socio-economic context

Low socio-economic status [33, 43]

–

 Ethical context

–

–

 Legal context

–

–

 Political context

Lack of financial incentives/compensation [33, 41, 43]

–

 Implementation theory

–

–

 Implementation process

–

–

 Implementation strategies

Overload of information in training activities for health professionals [40]

Training and educational activities for health professionals [33, 36, 41]

Handbook as a clear guideline for health professionals [43]

Knowledge and skills

Insufficient knowledge [33, 40, 41]

Lack of competence [40]

Lack of experience [40]

Professional skills [33, 40, 43]

Organizational skills [40]

Communication skills [40]

Empathic capacity [40]

Behaviour-related factors

Lack of motivation [41]

Initial difficulties in implementation due to changes in routines [40, 43]

Negative attitudes towards intervention [33]

Reluctance regarding an intervention component [41, 43]

Positive expectations regarding intervention [33, 43]

Type of recommendation [38]

Interaction-related factors

Communication and collaboration issues [33]

Difficulties in organizing team meetings [40]

Insufficient involvement of professionals [33]

Interdisciplinary communication and cooperation [33, 35, 40]

Intradisciplinary communication and cooperation [33, 41]

Sufficient involvement of family caregivers [34]

Clear responsibilities [33, 40]

Application of the intervention

Time expenditure [33, 40, 43]

Complexity of intervention [33, 40]

Individual, flexible, tailored intervention [33, 43]

Practicable layout [43]

Good fit of the intervention to daily practice [43]

External assessment

Behaviour-related factors

Low treatment adherence [33, 38, 43]

–

   External factors influencing

 adherence

Transportation issues [31]

Scheduling problems [31]

–

Behaviour-related factors

–

Positive expectations regarding intervention [33, 40]

Components of intervention

High temporal expenditure effort [40]

High bureaucratic effort [36]

Difficulties in distinguishing the involved disciplines [40]

Interventions tailored to individual needs [33, 34, 36]

Possibility for adaptation [40]

Close monitoring of changing situations [34]

Provision of written advice [36]

Use of technical devices for outcome measurement [36]

Interaction with health professionals

–

Personal meetings with health professionals [36, 40]

Good professional-patient relationship [33, 34, 40]

Good internal exchange between HPs [34]

 Implementation outcomes

Difficulties in identifying the appropriate target group [33, 40]

–

Work environment

Lack of available staff [31, 33]

Lack of sufficiently educated staff [33]

Lack of time [33, 35, 41, 43]

Lack of space [31, 43]

Discontinuity [34]

Transparency about referral possibilities [33]