Author (year of study, country) [references] | Sample size [Living in: Home (H) and or Nursing Home (NH)] | Cognition | Functional status | Nutrition | Physical status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
De Rango F et al. (2007, Italy) [27] | Age ≥ 90: 400 [H,NH] | MMSEa (women; men) Dementia <  18: 74.6%; 47.2% Moderate dementia 18–23: 21.9%; 41.7% Mild dementia or normal > 23: 3.5%; 11.0% | ADL (women; men) Independence for the relevant activity Feeding 73.4%; 83.3% Transfer 46.1%; 64.1% Dress and undress 40.2%; 59.6% Use toilet 40.2%; 59.6% Bath or shower 26.6%; 35.9% | BMIb Median (IR): 23.34 (5.1) Mean (SD): 23.68 (3.96) | Hand gripc (kg) Women mean (SD): 10.85 (4. 65) Men mean (SD): 16.29 (8.84) |
Herr M et al. (2010, France) [32] | Age ≥ 90: 512 [Not specified] | MMSEa ≤ 26: 124 (26.3%) <  20: 124 (24.2%) | Need help for ADL: 167 (33%) Need help for IADL: 343 (67.9%) | Weight loss and/or thinness Women: 48 (14.2%) Men: 15 (9.3%) | Lack of physical strength: 307 (59.9%) Low level of physical activity (IPAQ)e: 317 (61.9%) |
Nybo H et al (1998, Denmark) [44] | Age ≥ 95: 2262 [H,NH] | MMSEa Mild dementia or normal ≥ 23: 791 (34.9%) Moderate dementia 18–22: 575 (25.4%) Severe dementia 0–17: 398 (17.5%) | ADL Not disabled: 966 (42.7%) Moderately disabled: 807 (35.6%) Severely disabled: 458 (20.2%) | BMIb < 22: 885 (39.1%) 22–27: 1069 (47.2%) ≥ 28: 222 (9%) | Hand gripc Could complete 1649 (91.1%) Could not complete: 160 (8.8%) Chair stand Stand without use of arms: 909 Stand with use of arms: 680 Could not complete: 220 (9.5%) |
von Heideken P et al (2000, Sweden) [48] | Age ≥ 90: 145 Age 90–94: 83 Age 95+: 62 [H,NH] | MMSEa mean (range) Age 90–94 Women: 23 (2–30) Men: 25 (16–29) Age 95+ Women: 17 (0–28) Men: 22 (5–29) Dementia Age 90–94 Women: 19 (31%) Men: 3 (14%) Age 95+ Women: 25 (50%) Men: 3 (25%) | P-ADL Independent Age 90–94 Women: 27 (44%) Men: 15 (71%) Age 95+ Women: 10 (20%) Men: 5 (42%) ADL Independent Age 90–94 Women: 7 (11%) Men: 6 (29%) Age 95+ Women: 2 (4%) Men: 2 (17%) | MNAd mean (range) Age 90–94 Women: 22.5 (13.5–26.5) Men: 25 (19–27) Age 95+ Women: 19 (10–27) Men: 25 (21–29) | Usual gait speed (m/s) Median (10th–90th perc) Age 90–94 Women: 0.41 (0.18–0.69) Men: 0.51 (0.27–1.02) Age 95+ Women: 0.41 (0.21–0.64) Men: 0.54 (0.19–0.81) Fastest gait speed (m/s) Median (10th–90th perc) Age 90–94 Women: 0.75 (0.35–1.03) Men: 0.81 (0.39–1.33) Age 95+ Women: 0.69 (0.46–1.06) Men: 0.92 (0.20–1.41) Three chair stands (sec) Median (10th–90th perc) Age 90–94 Women: 11.9 (9–20.9) Men: 11.9 (8.3–26.3) Age 95+ Women: 18.5 (10.3–24.7) Men: 12.2 (2.8–16) |