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Table 3 Adjusted differences in mean clinical-outcome measurements within and between groups (GEE model). Effect sizes for change of mean clinical-outcome measurements within the groups and within-group change across the two groups

From: Evaluating the impact of onsite diabetes education teams in primary care on clinical outcomes

 

Within group change (Post vs. Pre)

Covariatesa adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

Effect size

Between Group Difference by Period (Intervention vs. Control)

Intervention group

Control group

Intervention vs. Control

p-value

Intervention

Control

Pre-intervention

Post-intervention

A1C

−0.007 (−0.009, −0.006)

−0.002 (−0.004, 0.0001)

0.004 (0.002, 0.007)

− 0.001 (− 0.003, 0.001)

− 0.366

− 0.103

−0.262

0.012

LDL-C

−0.262 (− 0.339, − 0.184)

−0.082 (− 0.209, 0.044)

0.031 (− 0.121, 0.185)

−0.147 (− 0.304, 0.009)

−0.274

− 0.077

−0.197

0.083

TC-HDL ratio

−0.189 (− 0.288, − 0.090)

−0.073 (− 0.250, 0.103)

0.122 (− 0.135, 0.380)

0.006 (− 0.205, 0.218)

−0.15

− 0.038

−0.112

0.182

DBP

−2.048 (−2.972, −1.125)

−1.062 (−2.313, 0.189)

− 0.313 (−1.872, 1.246)

−1.300 (− 2.981, 0.380)

−0.171

− 0.091

−0.079

0.403

SBP

−2.226 (−3.550, −0.903)

− 0.990 (− 2.844, 0.862)

−0.653 (−3.293, 1.985)

−1.889 (−4.479, 0.699)

−0.131

− 0.058

−0.073

0.6

  1. aAdjusted for covariates (e.g., age, sex, years since diagnosis, treatment modality, smoking status and site-grouping)