Key characteristics | All participants (n = 524) | Intervention participants (n = 231) | Control participants (n = 293) | Non participants (n = 713a) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | 61.1 (14.8) | 60.3 (15.1) | 61.8 (14.5) | 53.8 (17.8) |
Female, n (%) | 318 (60.7%) | 133 (57.6%) | 185 (63.1%) | 416 (58.4%) |
Index Multiple Deprivation quintile, n (%) | ||||
1 (least deprived) | 8 (1.5%) | 7 (3.0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 11 (1.6%) |
2 | 55 (10.6%) | 17 (7.4%) | 38 (13.0%) | 102 (14.4%) |
3 | 104 (19.9%) | 55 (23.9%) | 49 (16.7%) | 152 (21.4%) |
4 | 143 (27.3%) | 51 (22.2%) | 92 (21.4%) | 230 (32.4%) |
5 (most deprived) | 213 (40.8%) | 100 (43.5%) | 113 (38.6%) | 216 (30.4%) |
GP Practice, n (%) | ||||
A | 49 (9.4%) | 49 (21.2%) | – | 84 (11.8%) |
B | 11 (2.1%) | – | 11 (3.8%) | 17 (2.4%) |
C | 121 (23.1%) | – | 121 (41.3%) | 197 (27.6%) |
D | 30 (5.7%) | 30 (13.0%) | – | 23 (3.2%) |
E | 59 (11.3%) | 59 (25.5%) | – | 76 (10.7%) |
F | 93 (17.8%) | 93 (40.3%) | – | 99 (13.9%) |
G | 127 (24.2%) | – | 127 (43.3%) | 168 (23.6%) |
H | 34 (6.5%) | – | 34 (11.6%) | 49 (6.9%) |
Pain location, n (%) | ||||
Knee | 144 (27.5%) | 62 (26.8%) | 82 (28.0%) | – |
Neck | 59 (11.3%) | 30 (13.0%) | 29 (9.9%) | – |
Back | 155 (29.6%) | 73 (31.6%) | 82 (28.0%) | – |
Shoulder | 124 (23.7%) | 53 (22.9%) | 71 (24.2%) | – |
Widespread pain | 42 (8.0%) | 13 (5.6%) | 29 (9.9%) | – |
Duration (time since whole month without pain), n (%) | ||||
< 3 months | 136 (26.0%) | 69 (29.9%) | 67 (22.9%) | – |
3–6 months | 77 (14.7%) | 32 (13.9%) | 45 (15.4%) | – |
7–12 months | 89 (17.0%) | 38 (16.5%) | 51 (17.4%) | – |
1–2 years | 75 (14.3%) | 30 (13.0%) | 45 (15.4%) | – |
3–5 years | 53 (10.1%) | 21 (9.1%) | 32 (10.9%) | – |
6–10 years | 48 (9.2%) | 20 (8.7%) | 28 (9.6%) | – |
> 10 years | 46 (8.8%) | 21 (9.1%) | 25 (8.5%) | – |
Health Literacy Single Item Screen (Need help), n (%) [n = 516] | ||||
Never/rarely/sometimes | 500 (96.9%) | 222 (98.3%) | 278 (95.9%) | – |
Often/always | 16 (3.2%) | 4 (1.8%) | 12 (4.2%) | – |
Comorbidities (No. of listed long-term conditions), n (%) | – | |||
0 | 186 (35.5%) | 86 (37.2%) | 100 (34.1%) | – |
1 | 161 (30.7%) | 79 (34.2%) | 82 (28.0%) | – |
2 | 130 (24.8%) | 52 (22.5%) | 78 (26.6%) | – |
≥ 3 | 47 (9.0%) | 14 (6.1%) | 33 (11.3%) | – |
Lives alone (Yes), n (%) [n = 523] | 87 (16.6%) | 40 (17.3%) | 47 (16.1%) | – |
Currently employed (Yes), n (%) [n = 509] | 234 (46.0%) | 104 (46.6%) | 130 (45.5%) | – |
Pain interference with performance at work (0–10, the higher score the worse), mean (SD) | 4.28 (3.06) [n = 257] | 3.87 (2.88) [n = 113] | 4.60 (3.16) [n = 144] | – |
Time-off-work last 6 m due to MSK pain, n (%) [n = 260] | 66 (25.4%) | 28 (24.8%) | 38 (25.9%) | – |
Receipt of written information from GP, n (%) [n = 520] | 213 (41.0%) | 163 (71.5%) | 50 (17.1%) | – |
Pain intensity (at the point of GP consultation) (0–10, the higher score the worse), mean (SD) | 6.33 (2.05) | 6.60 (1.93) | 6.11 (2.11) | 6.35 (2.10)‡ |
Pain intensity (self-reported in baseline questionnaire) (0–10, the higher score the worse), mean (SD) | 6.21 (2.25) [n = 523] | 6.22 (2.17) [n = 230] | 6.21 (2.32) [n = 293] | – |
Self-efficacy (confidence to manage MSK pain) (0–10, the higher score the better), mean (SD) | 5.43 (2.62) [n = 521] | 5.41 (2.67) [n = 228] | 5.44 (2.59) [n = 293] | – |
Distress (0–10, the higher score the worse), mean (SD) | 5.66 (2.61) [n = 524] | 5.62 (2.60) [n = 231] | 5.69 (2.61) [n = 293] | – |
Days of moderate physical activity per week, median (IQR) | 2 (0–4) [n = 521] | 2 (0–4) [n = 230] | 2 (0–4) [n = 291] | – |
No. of previous MSK pain episodes, median (IQR) | 5 (1–25) [n = 415] | 5 (1–15) [n = 186] | 5 (1–30) [n = 229] | – |
MSK Risk status (Keele development version of the STarT MSK Tool – note it was not the final version), mean (SD) [n = 482] | – | |||
Low risk (0–3 score), n (%) | 155 (32.2%) | 67 (30.9%) | 88 (33.2%) | – |
Medium risk (4–7 score), n (%) | 263 (54.6%) | 119 (54.8%) | 144 (54.3%) | – |
High risk (8–9 score), n (%) | 64 (13.3%) | 31 (14.3%) | 33 (12.5%) | – |
Overall musculoskeletal health status (MSK-HQ) (0–56, the higher score the better), mean (SD) | 29.6 (10.4) [n = 507] | 29.9 (10.5) [n = 223] | 29.4 (10.4) [n = 284] | – |
Overall global change (−5–5, the higher score the better), mean (SD) | 0.34 (2.08) [n = 523] | 0.41 (2.19) [n = 230] | 0.28 (1.99) [n = 293] | – |
Fear-avoidance (using 11-item TSK, higher score the worse) mean (SD) | 24.5 (6.80) [n = 511] | 24.3 (6.60) [n = 224] | 24.7 (6.94) [n = 287] | – |
Satisfaction with initial GP care [n = 522] | ||||
Very satisfied, n (%) | 140 (26.8%) | 67 (29.1%) | 73 (25.0%) | – |
Quite satisfied, n (%) | 184 (35.3%) | 81 (35.2%) | 103 (35.3%) | – |
No opinion, n (%) | 115 (22.0%) | 43 (18.7%) | 72 (24.7%) | – |
Not very satisfied, n (%) | 74 (14.2%) | 34 (14.8%) | 40 (13.7%) | – |
Not at all satisfied, n (%) | 9 (1.7%) | 5 (2.2%) | 4 (1.4%) | – |
Patient perceived reassurance from GP for MSK pain (higher score is better) | ||||
Data gathering, mean (SD) | 9.9 (4.3) [n = 502] | 10.5 (4.6) [n = 223] | 9.5 (4.1) [n = 279] | – |
Relationship building, mean (SD) | 11.6 (4.2) [n = 499] | 12.0 (4.4) [n = 220] | 11.3 (3.9) [n = 279] | – |
Generic, mean (SD) | 13.1 (4.7) [n = 507] | 13.2 (5.0) [n = 224] | 13.0 (4.5) [n = 283] | – |
Cognitive, mean (SD) | 13.4 (4.7) [n = 510] | 13.5 (4.9) [n = 223] | 13.2 (4.6) [n = 287] | – |
Total, mean (SD) | 48.0 (16.0) [n = 510] | 49.2 (17.2) [n = 224] | 47.1 (15.0) [n = 286] | – |
Knee physical function using KOOS (the higher score the better), mean (SD) | 42.9 (21.2) [n = 142] | 44.0 (22.1) [n = 61] | 42.0 (20.5) [n = 81] | – |
Neck physical function using NDI (the higher score the worse), mean (SD) | 16.1 (8.02) [n = 59] | 14.6 (6.39) [n = 30] | 17.7 (9.28) [n = 29] | – |
Back physical function using RMDQ (the higher score the worse), mean (SD) | 9.59 (5.50) [n = 155] | 9.84 (5.40) [n = 73] | 9.38 (5.57) [n = 82] | – |
Shoulder function using SPADI-Function (the higher score the worse), mean (SD) | 47.1 (24.8) [n = 124] | 45.9 (25.3) [n = 53] | 48.0 (24.5) [n = 71] | – |
Multi-site physical function using SF12 PCS the higher score the better), mean (SD) | 34.4 (9.52) [n = 42] | 35.5 (9.35) [n = 13] | 33.9 (9.72) [n = 29] | – |
Quality of life using EQ5D-5 L, mean (SD) | 0.56 (0.24) [n = 513] | 0.55 (0.25) [n = 226] | 0.57 (0.22) [n = 287] | – |