Table 3 Example of medication patterns across women 65–79 years attended in primary health centres in Barcelona during 2009 (N = 78,008)
From: Medication patterns in older adults with multimorbidity: a cluster analysis of primary care patients
Code& | Drugs | Preb | O/E ratioa | Exclus. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cluster 1 n = 39,202 (50%) | |||||
Non-specific pattern | C10AA | HMG CoA reductase inhibitors | 32% | 0.78 | 39% |
A02BC | Proton pump inhibitors | 21% | 0.51 | 26% | |
Cluster 2 n = 14,604 (19%) | |||||
Nervous system pattern | A02BC | Proton pump inhibitors | 70% | 1.68 | 31% |
N05BA | Benzodiazepine derivatives | 58% | 2.18 | 41% | |
C10AA | HMG CoA reductase inhibitors | 56% | 1.36 | 25% | |
N06AB | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors | 40% | 2.71 | 51% | |
B01AC | Platelet aggregation inhibitors excl. Heparin | 35% | 1.76 | 33% | |
M05BA | Bisphosphonates | 28% | 1.62 | 30% | |
N02BE | Anilides | 26% | 1.10 | 21% | |
N06AX | Other antidepressants | 14% | 3.49 | 65% | |
N03AX | Other antiepileptics | 10% | 3.16 | 59% | |
N05CD | Benzodiazepine derivatives | 9% | 2.03 | 38% | |
A12AA | Calcium | 7% | 2.58 | 48% | |
N06AA | Non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitors | 7% | 3.07 | 57% | |
C01DA | Organic nitrates | 7% | 2.32 | 43% | |
N02AX | Other opioids | 6% | 2.03 | 38% | |
A11CC | Vitamin D and analogues | 6% | 2.97 | 56% | |
A06AD | Osmotically acting laxatives | 6% | 2.04 | 38% | |
N03AE | Benzodiazepine derivatives | 4% | 3.69 | 69% | |
C07AA | Beta blocking agents, non-selective | 4% | 2.61 | 49% | |
H02AB | Glucocorticoids | 4% | 2.71 | 51% | |
C10AX | Other lipid modifying agents | 4% | 2.25 | 42% | |
N06DX | Other anti-dementia drugs | 3% | 2.44 | 46% | |
A03FA | Propulsive | 3% | 2.25 | 42% | |
Cluster 3 n = 9502 (12%) | |||||
“Musculo-skeletal system” and “Dermatologicals” pattern | A02BC | Proton pump inhibitors | 66% | 1.58 | 19% |
N02BE | Anilides | 61% | 2.57 | 31% | |
N05BA | Benzodiazepine derivatives | 33% | 1.26 | 15% | |
M02AA | Antiinflammatory preparations, non-steroids for tropical use | 31% | 5.96 | 73% | |
C10AA | HMG CoA reductase inhibitors | 30% | 0.74 | 9% | |
M01AE | Propionic acid derivatives | 27% | 4.30 | 52% | |
C05CA | Bioflavonoids | 19% | 2.88 | 35% | |
M01AX | Other antiinflammatory and antirheumatic agents, non-steroids | 17% | 2.84 | 35% | |
A02AD | Combinations and complexes of aluminium, calcium and magnesium compounds | 15% | 4.24 | 52% | |
M01AB | Acetic acid derivatives and related substances | 15% | 5.17 | 63% | |
D01AC | Imidazole and triazole derivatives | 10% | 5.93 | 72% | |
N02AX | Other opioids | 10% | 3.25 | 40% | |
D07AC | Corticosteroidas, potent (group III) | 9% | 6.65 | 81% | |
N02BB | Pyrazolones | 6% | 5.30 | 65% | |
A06AD | Osmotically acting laxatives | 6% | 2.13 | 26% | |
R05CB | Mucolytics | 5% | 2.83 | 34% | |
R06AX | Other antihistamines for systemic use | 5% | 3.34 | 41% | |
N07CA | Antivertigo preparations | 5% | 2.26 | 28% | |
Cluster 4 n = 8745 (11%) | |||||
Alimentary tract and metabolism pattern | C10AA | HMG CoA reductase inhibitors | 68% | 1.67 | 19% |
A10BA | Biguanides | 65% | 5.86 | 66% | |
B01AC | Platelet aggregation inhibitors excl. Heparin | 61% | 3.12 | 35% | |
A02BC | Proton pump inhibitors | 50% | 1.19 | 13% | |
A10BB | Sulfonylureas | 37% | 6.69 | 75% | |
C09AA | ACE inhibitors, plain | 30% | 1.70 | 19% | |
C08CA | Dihydropyridine derivatives | 29% | 2.68 | 30% | |
C07AB | Beta blocking agents, selective | 23% | 2.18 | 24% | |
N02BE | Anilides | 22% | 0.94 | 10% | |
A10AC | Insulins and analogues for injection, intermediate-acting | 10% | 6.34 | 71% | |
C01DA | Organic nitrates | 9% | 3.22 | 36% | |
A10AE | Insulins and analogues for injection, long-acting | 9% | 6.04 | 68% | |
M04AA | Preparations inhibiting uric acid production | 9% | 2.97 | 33% | |
C02CA | Alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists | 7% | 3.57 | 40% | |
C10AB | Fibrates | 7% | 2.96 | 33% | |
A10AD | Insulins and analogues for injection, intermediate- or long- acting combined with fast- acting | 7% | 6.24 | 70% | |
G04CA | Alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists | 4% | 2.13 | 24% | |
C10AX | Other lipid modifying agents | 4% | 2.36 | 26% | |
Cluster 5 n = 3275 (4%) | |||||
Respiratory system pattern | R03AC | Selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists | 72% | 16.88 | 71% |
A02BC | Proton pump inhibitors | 54% | 1.30 | 5% | |
R03BB | Anticholinergics | 54% | 18.86 | 79% | |
R03AK | Adrenergics in combination with corticosteroids or other drugs, excl. Anticholinergics | 51% | 11.87 | 50% | |
R03BA | Glucocorticoids | 40% | 18.45 | 77% | |
C10AA | HMG CoA reductase inhibitors | 38% | 0.94 | 4% | |
N02BE | Anilides | 32% | 1.36 | 6% | |
N05BA | Benzodiazepine derivatives | 27% | 1.01 | 4% | |
B01AC | Platelet aggregation inhibitors excl. Heparin | 23% | 1.17 | 5% | |
C03CA | Sulfonamides, plain | 14% | 2.11 | 9% | |
R05CB | Mucolytics | 11% | 6.34 | 27% | |
R06AX | Other antihistamines for systemic use | 6% | 3.79 | 16% | |
C08DB | Benzothiazepine derivatives | 5% | 2.26 | 9% | |
H02AB | Glucocorticoids | 4% | 3.07 | 13% | |
G04CA | Alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists | 4% | 2.02 | 8% | |
Cluster 6 n = 2680 (3%) | |||||
Cardiovascular system pattern | B01AA | Vitamin K antagonists | 78% | 15.74 | 54% |
C03CA | Sulfonamides, plain | 66% | 10.05 | 35% | |
A02BC | Proton pump inhibitors | 58% | 1.37 | 5% | |
C01AA | Digitalis glycosides | 53% | 27.60 | 95% | |
C10AA | HMG CoA reductase inhibitors | 43% | 1.06 | 4% | |
N02BE | Anilides | 32% | 1.35 | 5% | |
N05BA | Benzodiazepine derivatives | 29% | 1.11 | 4% | |
C09AA | ACE inhibitors, plain | 27% | 1.56 | 5% | |
C07AB | Beta blocking agents, selective | 24% | 2.25 | 8% | |
C09CA | Angiotensin II antagonists, plain | 23% | 1.98 | 7% | |
A12BA | Potassium | 20% | 16.35 | 56% | |
C03DA | Aldosterone antagonists | 19% | 17.02 | 58% | |
C08DB | Benzothiazepine derivatives | 13% | 6.07 | 21% | |
C07AG | Alpha and beta blocking agents | 12% | 8.91 | 31% | |
M04AA | Preparations inhibiting uric acid production | 11% | 3.73 | 13% | |
C01DA | Organic nitrates | 9% | 3.26 | 11% | |
B03AA | Iron bivalent, oral preparations | 5% | 3.60 | 12% | |
A10AE | Insulins and analogues for injection, long-acting | 3% | 2.30 | 8% | |
A02BA | H2 - receptor antagonists | 3% | 2.12 | 7% | |