Table 2 Overview of themes and subthemes for each Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) construct
From: Qualitative evaluation of a pilot educational intervention to increase primary care HIV-testing
NPT Construct | Theme | Subtheme |
|---|---|---|
Coherence | ||
Pre-training HIV testing | ||
Testing situations (e.g. opportunistic, patient characteristics and behaviours, appointment type, consultation presentation with “obvious” indicator conditions) | ||
Perceived adequacy | ||
Frequency | ||
Nurse vs GP testing | ||
Patient acceptability | ||
Confidence to offer a test | ||
Pre-training HCP knowledge | ||
Perceived need for training | ||
Cognitive participation | ||
Experience of training | ||
Content (e.g. appropriate to knowledge level) | ||
Delivery (e.g. location, length, interactive format) | ||
Impact of training | ||
Intentions to change testing practice | ||
Awareness and knowledge (e.g. need to test early, indicator conditions, HIV prevalence in practice population) | ||
Confidence to test | ||
Collective action | ||
When to test | ||
HIV testing normalised / viewed as routine | ||
Increased consideration of HIV testing | ||
Presence of indicator conditions and atypical, unexplained and persistent infections | ||
Patient response to offer of HIV test | ||
Nurses and Healthcare Assistants empowered to offer HIV tests | ||
Changes in number of HIV tests | ||
How testing is offered | ||
Language used in consultation | ||
Pre-test counselling and consent | ||
Reflexive monitoring | ||
Barriers to HIV testing | ||
Presence of relatives in consultation | ||
Language barriers | ||
Multiple problems to address in consultation | ||
Changing the subject to HIV / phrases to use | ||
Appointment time constraints | ||
Lack of opportunity to test | ||
Patient acceptability and agenda | ||
Improvements to training | ||
Role play exercises and case examples | ||
More information on managing positive results | ||
Length of training | ||
Follow-up training and email reminders | ||
Primary care system changes (e.g. computer prompts, and universal screening) | ||