Table 5 List of training programs relevant to primary care
Project title (year of implementation) | Trainees | Objectives | Available implementation details | Assessment | Results: number of the targets completed the training and other outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. CUP leadership (2009–2013) | Managers of contracting unit for primary care (CUP): -district hospital directors or representative (physicians or dentists) -district health officers | To enhance conceptual and managerial skills in development of primary care suitable to area-based context and health needs | Classroom sessions: didactic lectures, group discussion based on experiences from management practices | - not clear | 213 trainees from 200 districts |
2. Training of family practice doctor (2006–2007) | Doctors from district hospitals and/or health centers | To enhance: -FMP in district hospitals and/or health centers -knowledge and skills in: applied psycho-analysis and patient communication; management of primary care network of practitioners | Classroom sessions: didactic lectures, group discussion based on experiences from clinical clerkship | Cognitive knowledge assessment before and after the training | 200 trainees |
3. In service training for family medicine practice (FMP) (2009–2015) | Second or third year medical graduates | To enhance FMP in district hospitals | -Week-end classroom sessions for 3 years: didactic lectures, group discussion based on experiences from real life practices −26 medical school faculties and affiliates as trainers | -Self assessment -Year-end summative assessment | 91 trainees |
4. Family practice learning (FPL)(2012–2014) | A multidisciplinary team of 3 to 5 members with at least 1 doctor or pharmacist in each team | To enhance team-based FMP in district hospitals and health centers | -classroom sessions for 1 year: didactic lectures, clinical rotation and community practice (home visits and community dialogues), case conferences | -Minimum requirement: a team report of family assessment and interventions -Individual portfolios of doctors or pharmacists -Comments of academic advisors | − 210 doctors −14 pharmacists − 1 dentist - over 1000 other health alliances such as nurses, public health workers, physiotherapists |
5. District Health Management Learning (DHML) (2014- present) | A multidisciplinary team of 5 to 8 members from each district (district health officers, district hospital staffs (the directors and some of the followings: physicians, pharmacists, senior nurses or dentists), local authority, community leaders (village heads, sub-district heads, district head officers), organized groups of people (elderly clubs, housewife clubs)) | To strengthen: resource sharing, unity in teamwork, community participation, health information systems, management skills of the leaders, coordination, integrated service delivery, inter-sectoral collaboration | class-based learning, clinical practice and community practice, standard practice guideline, team contest sessions (to encourage sharing of knowledge and practices) | -Individual self- assessment -Improvement of collaboration and coordination among key actors in DHS in terms of regularity, continuity and knowledge sharing | − 224 teams −44 emerging coordinating centers to perpetuate training of DHML in district health offices, district hospitals and academic institutes |
6. District Health System (DHS) Appreciation (2011) | The same as no. 5 | To consolidate lessons learned from implementation of DHS | Group sessions focusing on functions of multi-sectoral multidisciplinary collaboration and coordination towards innovations for delivery of essential care on continual basis with multi-source resource mobilization and development of health information systems | Self-assessment using broad thematic guideline: unity of the team, community participation, appreciation, resource sharing, essential care | 48 districts |
7. Community nurse training (2008–2011) | local high school graduates recruited by district hospital directors and senior nurses using verbal interview and results of local resident opinion survey | To produce graduate nurses with emphasis on community practices in order to enhance retention in district hospitals | - Nationally approved standard curricula for a nursing school (4-year period) - On-top clinical clerkship rotations in the summer, annually, at district hospitals where the nurse graduates will work during compulsory period of 8 years | -Collaborative recruitment and sponsorship by district hospitals, local administrative authorities and schools of nursing -Close monitoring by supervisor (a nurse and/or physician) from district hospitals during the training - national license examination | − 808 nurse graduates from 442 districts |
8. General practice nurse training (2006–2007) | Graduate nurses from district hospitals or health centers | To enhance knowledge and skills in family practice | -clinical clerkship rotation under supervision of physicians -classroom sessions: didactic lectures, group discussion based on experiences from the clinical clerkship | Not clear | 1000 nurses |
9. Family and Community Pharmacist Learning (FCPL)(2014–2015) | Pharmacists from district hospitals | To enhance knowledge and skills in family practice | -classroom sessions: didactic lectures, group discussion based on experiences from clinical clerkship | -A report on drug delivery models for home-based and community-based settings -A report of case studies of continuity of care from home to hospital | 59 trainees |
10. Supervisors in primary care practice (2006–2007) | Supervisors from district hospitals and district health offices | To enhance knowledge and skills in human resource development | Not clear | Cognitive knowledge assessment before and after the training | 4100 trainees |
11. Training of clinical health workers in primary care (2007) | Health workers in health centers or primary care unit in hospitals | To enhance knowledge and skills in primary care practice | Not clear | Cognitive knowledge assessment before and after the training | 18,000 trainees |
12. Training of public health workers in primary care (2006–2007; 2015) | public health workers in health centers | To enhance knowledge skills and attitude in public health functions: community diagnosis, project planning and implementation | Classroom activities: case studies, didactic lectures, group discussion | Cognitive knowledge assessment before and after the training | 720 trainees |