Parameter | Unadjusted Model | Adjusted Model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimatea | 95% CI | P-Value | Estimate | 95% CI | P-Value | |
Intercept (baseline ED) | −3.51 | −3.53 to −3.50 | < 0.0001 | −3.28 | −3.33 to −3.23 | < 0.0001 |
Pre-intervention slope (secular trend, per year) | 0.015 | 0.013 to 0.019 | < 0.0001 | 0.018 | 0.015 to 0.021 | < 0.0001 |
Change in intercept (immediate impact) | −0.011 | −0.014 to −0.0070 | 0.0098 | −0.010 | −0.018 to − 0.0020 | 0.0128 |
Change in slope (gradual effect, per year) | −0.010 | − 0.014 to − 0.0068 | < 0.0001 | −0.011 | − 0.014 to − 0.0080 | < 0.0001 |
Female physician |  |  |  | −0.041 | − 0.089 to − 0.022 | 0.0123 |
Physician panel size | ||||||
  < 500 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |
 500–999 |  |  |  | −0.021 | −0.055 to − 0.060 | 0.015 |
 1000–1999 |  |  |  | − 0.030 | −0.067 to − 0.015 | 0.0018 |
 2000–2999 |  |  |  | − 0.070 | −0.098 to − 0.042 | < 0.0001 |
  > 3000 |  |  |  | − 0.074 | − 0.110 to − 0.039 | < 0.0001 |
Foreign Trained |  |  |  | − 0.23 | −0.27 to − 0.19 | < 0.0001 |
Years since graduation |  |  |  | 0.0058 | 0.0040 to 0.0080 | < 0.0001 |
Patient age |  |  |  | −0.021 | −0.022 to − 0.021 | < 0.0001 |
Female patient |  |  |  | − 0.047 | − 0.051 to − 0.044 | < 0.0001 |
Adjusted Clinical Group (ACG)c | ||||||
 0 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |
 1–4 |  |  |  | 0.20 | 0.19 to 0.21 | < 0.0001 |
 5–9 |  |  |  | 0.79 | 0.77 to 0.80 | < 0.0001 |
 10+ |  |  |  | 1.53 | 1.52 to 1.56 | < 0.0001 |
Income Quintileb | ||||||
 1 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |
 2 |  |  |  | −0.12 | −0.12 to 0.11 | 0.88 |
 3 |  |  |  | −0.194 | −0.200 to − 0.189 | < 0.0001 |
 4 |  |  |  | − 0.256 | − 0.261 to − 0.251 | < 0.0001 |
 5 |  |  |  | − 0.333 | −0.338 to − 0.327 | < 0.0001 |
Patient rurality | ||||||
 Urban |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |
 Suburban |  |  |  | 0.65 | 0.64 to 0.65 | < 0.0001 |
 Rural |  |  |  | 1.31 | 1.29 to 1.31 | < 0.0001 |