Table 4 Social determinants of health by frailty status

  ≤ High school graduate

24.7

36.6

22.8

p < .0001

  < High school graduate

4.3

10.0

3.3

p < .0001

Household income/financial strain

  ≤ $35,000 in past year^b

26.6

51.4

22.5

p < .0001

  ≤ $25,000 in past year^b

14.8

33.6

11.7

p < .0001

 Worries a great deal about financial situation

14.6

26.9

12.6

p < .0001

During the past 12 months, due to cost:

 Used less medication than prescribed

4.2

7.4

3.6

p < .0001

 Got less medical care than thought needed

4.4

8.3

3.7

p < .0001

 Ate less fruits and vegetables than would have

4.1

9.5

3.2

p < .0001

Social circumstances

 Not married or in a committed relationship

33.7

46.6

31.5

p < .0001

 Has someone can call for help or to arrange for help if needed

94.6

93.1

94.9

ns

 Often feels lonely or socially isolated

4.0

13.1

2.5

p < .0001

 Feels depressed or sad much for most of the time

3.2

9.1

2.3

p < .0001

 Feels dissatisfied with life

6.9

22.4

4.3

p < .0001

 Serves as unpaid caregiver to a relative or friend with a serious illness or physical/mental disability

25.5

19.8

26.4

p < .01

 Does not use the internet or email at all or needs someone to help or use the internet/email for them

24.8

51.6

22.3

p < .0001