Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the population
Characteristics | All subjects (n = 3904) | Polypharmacy 7–10 substancesb (n = 1644) | Excessive Polypharmacy ≥10 substances (n = 2260) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | n | n | ||||
Sociodemographic data | ||||||
Age | 3904 | |||||
75-85c (n, %) | 3036 | 77.8 | 1270 | 77.3 | 1766 | 78.1 |
≥ 85 (n, %) | 868 | 22.2 | 374 | 22.7 | 494 | 21.9 |
mean ± SD (years) | 3904 | 81.5 ± 4.4 | 1644 | 81.6 ± 4.4 | 2260 | 81.5 ± 4.4 |
Sex | 3904 | |||||
Female, n (%) | 2240 | 57.4 | 913 | 55.5 | 1327 | 58.7 |
Male, n (%) | 1664 | 42.6 | 731 | 44.5 | 933 | 41.3 |
Educational level, n (%) | 3578a | |||||
Low | 1536 | 39.3 | 669 | 40.7 | 867 | 38.4 |
Medium | 1465 | 37.5 | 583 | 35.5 | 882 | 39.0 |
High | 577 | 14.8 | 239 | 14.5 | 338 | 15.0 |
Health-related factors | 3736a | |||||
Smokers, n (%) | 154 | 3.9 | 72 | 4.4 | 82 | 3.6 |
BMI, n (%) | 3904 | |||||
BMI < 18.5 | 34 | 0.9 | 15 | 0.9 | 19 | 0.8 |
BMI 18.5–24 | 957 | 24.5 | 435 | 26.5 | 522 | 23.1 |
BMI 25–29 | 1606 | 41.1 | 710 | 43.2 | 896 | 39.7 |
BMI ≥30 | 1307 | 33.5 | 484 | 29.4 | 823 | 36.4 |
Frailty level, n (%) | 3781a | |||||
Managing well | 1643 | 42.1 | 804 | 48.9 | 839 | 37.1 |
Vulnerable | 868 | 22.2 | 358 | 21.8 | 510 | 22.6 |
Mildly frail | 660 | 16.9 | 237 | 14.4 | 423 | 18.7 |
Moderately frail | 505 | 13.0 | 153 | 9.3 | 352 | 15.6 |
Severely frail | 97 | 2.5 | 32 | 2.0 | 65 | 2.9 |
Very severely frail | 8 | 0.2 | 2 | 0.1 | 6 | 0.2 |
Physical health composite score, median (range) | 3484a | 36.6 (10–68) | 1454 | 39.4 (12–68) | 2030 | 34.7 (10–63) |
Mental health composite score, median (range) | 3483a | 48.7 (12–76) | 1454 | 50.3 (14–76) | 2029 | 47.4 (12–74) |
Study centre, n (%) | 3904 | |||||
Austria | 587 | 15.0 | 259 | 15.8 | 328 | 14.5 |
Germany 1 | 981 | 25.1 | 351 | 21.3 | 630 | 27.9 |
Germany 2 | 742 | 19.0 | 334 | 20.3 | 408 | 18.1 |
Italy | 901 | 23.4 | 439 | 26.7 | 462 | 20.4 |
UK | 693 | 17.8 | 261 | 15.9 | 432 | 19.1 |
Substances, n (mean ± SD) | 3904 | 10.5 ± 2.4 | 1644 | 8.5 ± 0.6 | 2260 | 12.0 ± 2.2 |
Diagnoses, n (mean ± SD) | 3898a | 9.5 ± 4.9 | 1644 | 8.2 ± 4.2 | 2260 | 10.5 ± 5.2 |