Study ID | Country | Evidence level | Methods | Number of participants | Age range (years) | Index test | Reference | Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mettlin 1991 | USA | 2b | Prospective cohort study | 1218 | 55–70 | PSA, DRE and TRUS | Biopsy | Sensitivity, specificity and PPV of DRE, PSA and TRUS. |
Gelabert Mas 1997 | Spain | 2b | Prospective cohort study | 82 | > 50 | PSA/DRE | Biopsy | Sensitivity, specificity, and PPV of DRE and PSA. |
Hamilton 2006 | UK | 4 | Case control | 1297 | ≥ 40 | PSA/DRE | Diagnosis of prostate cancer | PPV of symptoms, DRE and PSA. |
Issa 2006 | USA | 2b | Retrospective cohort study | 628 | 40–89 | PSA/DRE | Biopsy | Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of DRE and PSA. |