Use of diagnostic tests and the appropriateness of the treatment decision in patients with suspected urinary tract infection in primary care in Denmark – observational study

Table 3 Appropriateness of the treatment decision and use of diagnostic tests

	First treatment decision (p-value = < 0.0001)^a			Final treatment decision (p-value = 0.04)^b
	Appropriate	Overtreatment	Undertreatment	Appropriate	Overtreatment	Undertreatment
No culture^c (n = 54)	30(55)	21(39)	3(6)	30(55)	21(39)	3(6)
Culture performed in practice (n = 317)	176(56)	46(14)	95(30)	227(71)	76(24)	14(5)
Culture performed at hospital (n = 117)	71(61)	32(27)	14(12)	81(69)	24(21)	12(10)

Appropriate = prescribing antibiotics when reference test is positive and not prescribing antibiotics when reference test is negative
Ovrertreatment = prescribing antibiotics when reference test is negative
Undertreatment = not prescribing antibiotics when reference test is positive
Permutation LR test to assess whether treatment decision at the day of the index consultation^a or at the day of the final treatment decision^b differs between groups: a) no culture, b) culture performed in practice, c) culture performed at hospital. Hierarchical model with practices as a random intercept and adjusted for: complicated versus uncomplicated UTI, offensive smell, anamnesis score, microscope and culture in practice availability
^cWhen not performing culture, first treatment decision is the final treatment decision

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