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Table 2 Overview of the Included Qualitative Studies with Patient Participants

From: Perceptions of insulin use in type 2 diabetes in primary care: a thematic synthesis

Author & Reference

Year

Country

Diabetes Type

Aim

Sample and Setting

Data Collection

Data Analysis

Abu Hassan [36]

2013

Malaysia

Insulin T2DM

To explore patients’ reasons for accepting insulin and their initial barriers.

Patients with insulin T2DM (n = 21)

Primary Care Clinic

In-depth interviews

Focus groups

Thematic analysis

Brod [37]

2014

Canada, China & Germany

T1DM &

Insulin T2DM

To examine unintentional insulin dosing and injection irregularities due to forgetting among people with diabetes.

Patients with

T1DM (n = 22)

Insulin T2DM (n = 42)

At least twice in the last three months of forgetting injection, or time/amount taken, or questioning if insulin was taken.

Research recruitment databases

Telephone interviews

Focus groups

Thematic analysis with grounded theory

Brown [38]

2007

UK

Insulin T2DM &

Non-Insulin T2DM

To gain an understanding of how health beliefs influence how African-Caribbeans manage their T2DM.

T2DM adults (n = 16)

Insulin T2DM (n = 6)

Self-help groups and GP practices

Inner-city African-Caribbean community

In-depth interviews

Thematic analysis

Browne [39]

2013

Australia

Insulin T2DM &

Non-Insulin T2DM

To explore the social experiences of adults with T2DM, focusing on the perception & experience of diabetes- related stigma.

T2DM adults (n = 25)

Insulin T2DM (n = 5)

State diabetes organisation

Semi-structured interviews

Inductive thematic analysis

Hortensius [40]

2012

Netherlands

T1DM &

Insulin T2DM

To investigate patients’ perspectives of SMBG & all relevant aspects influencing SMBG.

Insulin treated DM patients (n = 28)

T1DM (n = 13)

T2DM (n = 15)

Outpatient clinic (T1DM)

GP practices (T2DM)

In-depth interviews

Thematic analysis with grounded theory.

Janes [41]

2013

New Zealand

Insulin T2DM

To better understand barriers to glycaemic control from the patient’s perspective.

Insulin treated patients T2DM (n = 15)

Diabetes clinic

Semi-structured interviews.

Thematic analysis with a patient-centred framework.

Interpretative phenomenological method of inquiry

Jenkins [42]

2011

UK and Ireland

Insulin T2DM

To explore participants’ experiences of intensifying insulin therapy during the Treating to Target in T2DM (4-T) trial.

T2DM patients (n = 41)

Whose insulin was intensified in 4-T trial.

Primary care

In-depth interviews

Thematic analysis with grounded theory.

Ong [43]

2014

Malaysia

Insulin T2DM

To explore the barriers and facilitators to SMBG, in insulin T2DM patients.

Insulin treated T2DM patients (n = 15)

Primary care clinic

Semi-structured interviews

Inductive thematic analysis

Vinter-Repalust [44]

2004

Croatia

Insulin T2DM &

Non-insulin T2DM

To explore patients’ attitudes, thoughts, & fears connected with their illness; expectations of the healthcare system; and problems while adhering to the therapeutic regime.

Patients with

T2DM (n = 49)

Insulin T2DM (n = 13)

General practice

Focus group discussions.

Inductive thematic analysis

  1. Key: DSN diabetes specialist nurse, PN practice nurse, GP general practitioner, HCP health care professional, OHAs oral hypoglycaemic agents, PCPs primary care physicians, QOL quality of life, SMBG self-monitoring of blood glucose, T1DM type 1 diabetes mellitus, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, Insulin T2DM insulin treated type 2 diabetes mellitus