Author | Behaviours | Materials and procedures | Intervention function(s) | Deliverers | Duration | Tailoring | Family involvement |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hjermann et al. [38] | Smoking, diet | The wives of the subjects were invited in groups of 30-40 together with their husbands for diet and smoking information. | Education | Not described | Not described | No | Not measured |
McBride et al. [34] | Smoking | 6 counseling telephone calls (three in pregnancy and three in postpartum) using motivational interviewing techniques. An “It Takes Two” booklet and companion video were developed to guide couples in discussing support behaviors related to the woman’s smoking. | Education and training | Health advisor | Not described | No | Not measured |
McIntyre-Kingsolver et al. [39] | Smoking | Spouse training Common examples of helpful or unhelpful behaviors were pointed out and the group was also asked to contribute examples from their own experience. Guided group discussions and direct instruction were used to try and increase positive or decrease negative spouse behaviors. Spouses were encouraged at all stages to help problem solve difficult situations (e.g., quit day) and to reward subjects for making small steps in changing their habit. It was emphasized that the posttreatment support and assistance that spouses provided was crucial to the success of the subject. Subjects were also encouraged to reward their spouses for participating in the program and for helping them. | Education and training | Counsellors were two clinical psychology graduate students with experience of conducting smoking cessation groups. | Six weekly two-hour groups sessions | No | Not measured |
Nyborg and Nevid [41] | Smoking | Couples received additional written materials which provided instructions in providing mutual support for smoking reduction and cessation) The techniques included mutual modeling of appropriate nonsmoking behavior in smoking-related contexts (e.g., talking on the telephone without smoking), mutual monitoring (systematically counting each other's cigarettes), partner reinforcement for habit change, and couple reinforcement contingent upon achievement of mutual goals in changing smoking habits (e.g., the couple selects a shared reward for mutual abstinence during a predetermined period of time). Couples receiving therapist-administered treatment reviewed their progress in implementing these mutual support strategies and received therapist feedback in their treatment sessions. Weekly telephone contact was maintained with minimal contact couples during which partners reported on each other's progress and received therapist feedback. | Education and training | Behaviour therapists | 8 weeks | No | Not reported |
Øien et al. [36] | Smoking | Women were invited to bring their partners to the individual consultations, and if he was a smoker they were encouraged to make a smoking cessation effort together | Enablement | Primary care professionals: GPs and midwives, public health nurses. Offered a 3 h course to improve smoking cessation counselling skills | 8 to 10 prenatal consultations in primary care | No | Not measured |
Patten et al. [40] | Smoking | Health education control group 11 page booklet: (1) education on the health effects of smoking, (2) nicotine dependence and withdrawal symptoms, (3) readiness to quit, (4) basic communication skills between the adolescent and parent, (5) strategies on how to approach the parent about their smoking and quitting, (6) strategies on how to elicit from the parent the pros and cons of continued smoking and quitting, (7) triggers for relapse. 5 web-based group sessions for Support Skills Training: (1) rationale for treatment (i.e., Raise awareness of possible personal benefits of treatment) (e.g., dealing with anger or distress regarding parent's smoking behavior) – “You can't control your parent, only yourself. It is important to focus on what you can do as a support person”, setting S.M.A.R.T. goals and use of self-rewards and education on nicotine dependence; (2) provide education on motivation and readiness to quit; (3) using positive behaviors and statements to encourage their parent to move forward in the quitting process; (4) provide education on how smokers quit (i.e., setting a quit date, nicotine dependence treatments, coping with triggers, and social support); (5) provide education on lapse, relapse and how to reinforce (shape) progress made by the smoker and goal setting after the program ends.Web-based message board to post questions | Education and training and persuasion | 6 research counsellors with Masters or Bachelors degree in behavioural health or social science. Training provided to deliver the intervention | 5 weeks × 1 session × 30 min | No | 95 % (19/20) adolescents completed all sessions and 79 % read the booklet |
de Vries et al. [35] | Smoking | Because pregnant women motivated to quit smoking encounter difficulties to quit in the presence of a smoking partner a booklet was made for partners who also smoked | Education | Midwife | Not described | No | Not measured |
Wood et al. [37] | Smoking, diet, exercise | Couples attended lifestyle assessment and group workshop about lifestyle risk factors for coronary heart disease and cardiovascular risks. Patients were provided with a personal record card for lifestyle and risk factor targets and their families with family support packs. | Education | Nurse | 8 weekly sessions in hospital or general practice | No | Not measured |