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Table 3 Risk of bias

From: A systematic review and narrative summary of family-based smoking cessation interventions to help adults quit smoking

 

Design and description of comparison groups

Selection bias

Performance bias

Detection bias

Attrition bias

Reporting bias

 

Authors

 

Random sequence generation

Allocation concealment

Blinding participants/personnel

Blinding outcome assessment

Incomplete outcome data

Selective reporting

Other bias

Hjermann et al. [38]

RCT – lifestyle intervention; anti-smoking advice given individually to all smokers vs. usual care

Unclear

Low risk

High risk

Unclear

Low risk

Unclear

Unclear

McBride et al. [34]

3-group randomised controlled intervention; pregnant women; – Usual care (advice to quit and self-help guide), woman only group (usual care plus late-pregnancy relapse prevention kit and 6 counselling calls), Partner-assisted group (woman only group intervention plus their partners received telephone counselling and a support guide)

Unclear

Unclear

High risk

Unclear

Low risk

Unclear

Unclear

McIntyre-Kingsolver et al. [39]

RCT - a multi-component cognitive-behavioral smoking program vs. the same program with spouses attending and receiving training designed to increase spouse social support

High risk

Unclear

High risk

Unclear

High risk

Unclear

High risk

Nyborg and Nevid [41]

3-group, randomly assigned; effort only control (written materials), therapist administered treatment (couples received weekly counselling sessions), self-administered/minimal contact control (behavioural treatment manual and weekly telephone contact)

Unclear

Unclear

High risk

Unclear

Unclear

Unclear

Unclear

Øien et al. [36]

Controlled, prospective, intervention study of two cohorts - a prenatal, structured, multi-disciplinary smoking cessation programme vs. common, nationwide recommended, advice on lifestyle, including smoking behaviour

N/A – not RCT

N/A

High risk

Unclear

Unclear

Unclear

High risk

Patten et al. [40]

Pilot, feasibility RCT - a web-based support skills training vs. health education

Unclear

Unclear

High risk

Unclear

Low risk

Low risk

Unclear

de Vries et al. [35]

Cluster RCT - Midwives in the experimental group provided brief health counseling, self-help materials on smoking cessation during pregnancy and early postpartum, and a partner booklet. Controls received routine care

Low risk

Unclear

High risk

Unclear

Low risk

Unclear

High risk

Wood et al. [37]

Cluster RCT – a nurse-coordinated multidisciplinary, family-based preventive cardiology programme vs. usual care

Unclear

Unclear

High risk

Unclear

High risk

Low risk

Low risk