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Table 3 Actual prevalence rates, and standardised odds ratios for individual physical conditions. Conditions are ordered by size of standardised odds ratio (largest to smallest)

From: Multiple physical and mental health comorbidity in adults with intellectual disabilities: population-based cross-sectional analysis

Condition

Intellectual disabilities

No Intellectual disabilities

Odds ratio (95 % CI) (standardised by age, gender and deprivation score)

Number (%)

Number (%)

Epilepsy

1508 (18.8)

10,876 (0.8)

31.03 (29.23–32.92)

Constipation

1118 (14.0)

35,298 (2.5)

11.19 (10.97–12.68)

Visual impairment

258 (3.2)

8120 (0.6)

7.81 (6.86–8.89)

Parkinson’s disease and Parkinsonism

28 (0.4)

2713 (0.2)

2.83 (1.95–4.13)

Hearing loss

657 (8.2)

54,077 (3.8)

2.81 (2.59–3.06)

Dyspepsia

822 (10.3)

78,382 (5.5)

2.46 (2.28–2.65)

Psoriasis or eczema

132 (1.7)

10,237 (0.7)

2.42 (2.03–2.87)

Thyrotoxicosis/thyroid disorders inc hypothyroidism

629 (7.9)

71,314 (5.0)

2.36 (2.173–2.58)

Bronchiectasis

20 (0.3)

2794 (0.2)

1.68 (1.08–2.61) p = 0.02

Diabetes

531 (6.6)

74,300 (5.3)

1.63 (1.49–1.79)

Migraine

59 (0.7)

9192 (0.7)

1.32 (1.02–1.71) p = 0.03

Active asthma

575 (7.2)

83,930 (5.9)

1.26 (1.16–1.38)

Painful condition

695 (8.7)

125,436 (8.9)

1.20 (1.10–1.30)

Stroke or transient ischaemic attack

171 (2.1)

36,374 (2.6)

1.19 (1.02–1.37) p = 0.02

Glaucoma

72 (0.9)

15,847 (1.1)

1.17 (0.92–1.48) p = 0.18

Chronic kidney disease

135 (1.7)

33,431 (2.4)

1.11 (0.93–1.32) p = 0.22

Heart failure

82 (1.0)

18,817 (1.3)

1.11 (0.89–1.43) p = 0.33

Irritable bowel syndrome

248 (3.1)

51,889 (5.7)

0.97 (0.86–1.11) p = 0.74

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)

209 (2.6)

52,898 (3.7)

0.84 (0.73–0.97)

Atrial fibrillation

71 (0.9)

23,905 (1.7)

0.83 (0.61–0.98) p = 0.03

Viral hepatitis

7 (0.1)

1168 (0.1)

0.82 (0.39–1.74) p = 0.62

Inflammatory bowel disease

40 (0.5)

9711 (0.7)

0.82 (0.60–1.13) p = 0.23

Hypertension

774 (9.7)

233,540 (16.5)

0.72 (0.66–0.78)

Any new cancer in the last 5 years

131 (1.6)

43,533 (3.1)

0.69 (0.58–0.83)

Prostate disease

41 (0.5)

15,192 (1.1)

0.60 (0.44–0.82) p = 0.01

Inflammatory arthritis and related conditions inc gout

151 (2.2)

57,857 (4.1)

0.57 (0.48–0.67)

Cirrhosis/chronic liver disease/alcoholic liver disease

7 (0.1)

2605 (0.2)

0.49 (0.23–1.04) p = 0.06

Multiple sclerosis

9 (0.1)

3838 (0.3)

0.49 (0.25–0.96) p = 0.03

Diverticular disease

66 (0.8)

33,747 (2.4)

0.49 (0.39–0.63)

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)

46 (0.7)

23,194 (1.6)

0.44 (0.33–0.60)

Chronic sinusitis

24 (0.3)

9141 (0.6)

0.44 (0.26–0.62)

Coronary heart disease

160 (2.0)

81,307 (5.7)

0.43 (0.37–0.51)

  1. One way analysis of variance
  2. All differences significant at p < 0.001 except where stated