Factors associated with grade 1 hypertension: implications for hypertension care based on the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) in primary care settings

Table 2 Univariate logistic regression analysis of variables associated with the presence of grade 1 hypertension

Independent variables	Presence of grade 1 hypertension
	B	SE	pvalue	OR	95% CI
Age, 60–70 years versus 40–50 years	0.02	0.02	0.283	1.02	0.98-1.07
Gender, male	0.84	0.17	<0.001	2.31	1.67-3.20
Living status, alone	0.63	0.16	<0.001	1.88	1.38-2.55
Marital status, single	0.13	0.23	0.562	1.14	0.73-1.79
Education level, below secondary	0.08	0.07	0.207	1.09	0.96-1.23
Monthly household income, ≤$19,999	0.36	0.18	0.045	1.44	1.01-2.05
Unhealthy diet regime (assessment score <6)	0.25	0.12	0.035	1.28	1.02-1.61
Body mass index, BMI (>27.5 kg/m²)	0.55	0.12	<0.001	1.73	1.38-2.18
Hours of active physical exercises per week	0.03	0.02	0.113	1.03	0.99-1.08
Irregular daily meals on an arbitrary schedule	0.03	0.01	0.001	1.03	1.01-1.05
Duration of cigarette smoking, per year	0.65	0.09	<0.001	1.92	1.60-2.31
Daily cigarette consumption, per pack	0.05	0.02	0.017	1.06	1.01-1.10
Duration of alcohol drinking, per year	0.48	0.06	<0.001	1.61	1.42-1.82
Weekly binge drinking, per occasion	0.38	0.17	0.025	1.46	1.05-2.05
Presence of parental history of hypertension	1.16	0.52	0.026	3.20	1.15-8.91

B: Beta coefficient, SE: Standard Error, OR: Odds Ratio, CI: Confidence Interval.
Note: Cigarette consumption was measured as the average amount of cigarette consumption per day, according to the number of packs smoked per day (20 cigarettes per pack). Binge drinking of alcohol was defined as having five servings of alcohol (for males) or four servings (for females) on one occasion. Unhealthy diet regime was defined as having at least one dietary intake group with a dietary assessment score <6. The presence of irregular daily meals was defined as regularly skipping meals or eating meals on an arbitrary schedule.

ISSN: 2731-4553