Table 3 Association between modifiable risk factors and presence of prediabetes in men

Smoking habit

 Current smoker vs. never smoker

0.94

(0.65–1.37)

0.77

(0.51–1.16)

Consumption of alcohol

 Risky drinker vs. abstinent

1.58

(1.09–2.28)

1.49

(1.00–2.24)

Physical activity

 WHO recommendations not followed vs. followed

1.13

(0.86–1.48)

1.10

(0.82–1.49)

Breakfast

 Incomplete or absent vs. complete

1.12

(0.78–1.60)

1.10

(0.75–1.63)

Consumption of fruit

 Non-daily vs. daily consumption

1.16

(0.86–1.57)

1.26

(0.89–1.77)

Consumption of vegetables

 Non-daily vs. daily consumption

0.96

(0.74–1.25)

0.88

(0.65–1.19)

Consumption of fish

 Consumption of <3 vs. >3 times per week

0.88

(0.67–1.16)

0.91

(0.68–1.23)

Consumption of legumes

 Consumption of <3 vs. >3 times per week

0.87

(0.66–1.14)

0.84

(0.63–1.13)

Blood pressure

 Hypertension^* vs. no hypertension

2.33

(1.76–3.08)

1.86

(1.39–2.51)

Lipids

 Hypercholesterolemia^† vs. no hypercholesterolemia

0.85

(0.57–1.27)

0.99

(0.64–1.53)

 Hypertriglyceridemia^‡ vs. no hypertriglyceridemia

1.61

(1.07–2.42)

1.19

(0.75–1.90)

 Low HDL-Cholesterol^§ vs. high HDL-Cholesterol

1.94

(1.34–2.82)

1.88

(1.23–2.88)

Obesity

 General obesity^|| vs. no general obesity

2.51

(1.88–3.36)

1.43

(0.99–2.06)

 Abdominal obesity^¶ vs. no abdominal obesity

2.87

(2.19–3.77)

1.98

(1.41–2.79)