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Table 1 Clinical "Red Flags" for Immunodeficiency

From: Symptomatic hypogammaglobulinemia in infancy and childhood – clinical outcome and in vitro immune responses

1

Eight or more new ear infections within 1 year

2

Two or more serious sinus infections in 1 year

3

Two or more months on antibiotics with no effect

4

Two or more pneumonias within one year

5

Failure of an infant to gain weight or grow well

6

Recurrent, deep skin or organ abscesses

7

Persistent thrush in the mouth or elsewhere on the skin, after age 1

8

Need for intravenous antibiotics to clear infection

9

One or more deep-seated infections such as sepsis, meningitis or cellulitis

10

A family history of primary immune deficiency or early infant death from infection, recurrent infection, malignancy, or autoimmune disease

  1. Adapted from: Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases: A molecular and genetic approach New York, Oxford University Press, 1999.