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Table 1 Characteristics of the study population, stratified according to whether they ever or never had a PSA test (N (%), unless otherwise stated)

From: Prostate specific antigen testing is associated with men’s psychological and physical health and their healthcare utilisation in a nationally representative sample: a cross-sectional study

Population characteristics

PSA tested

 
 

Ever

Never

 
   

N = 2,473 (68.2%)

N = 1,153 (31.8%)

p-value

Socio-demographic characteristics

Age at interview

Years

Median, (IQR)

64 (57, 71)

59 (54, 69)

<0.001

Marital status

Married

N (%)

1,916 (77.4)

795 (69.0)

<0.001

 

Single

N (%)

248 (10.0)

178 (15.4)

 
 

Sep/Divorced

N (%)

112 (4.5)

89 (7.7)

 
 

Widowed

N (%)

199 (8.0)

91 (7.9)

 

Education

Primary

N (%)

771 (31.2)

425 (36.9)

<0.001

 

Secondary

N (%)

952 (38.5)

463 (40.2)

 
 

Third Level

N (%)

752 (30.4)

265 (23.0)

 

Employment

Employed

N (%)

1,007 (40.7)

508 (44.1)

<0.001

 

Retired

N (%)

1,225 (49.5)

406 (35.2)

 
 

Other

N (%)

243 (9.8)

239 (20.7)

 

Smoking status

Never

N (%)

919 (37.2)

374 (32.4)

<0.001

 

Past

N (%)

1,215 (49.1)

471 (40.8)

 
 

Current

N (%)

340 (13.7)

308 (26.7)

 

PHI

At time of CAPI

N (%)

1,618 (65.4)

514 (44.6)

<0.001

Health-care utilisation

No. of GP visits

year pre-CAPI

Median (IQR)

3 (1,5)

2 (0, 4)

<0.001

Cholesterol test

Ever

N (%)

2,408 (97.4)

791 (68.9)

<0.001

Influenza Vaccine

Ever

N (%)

1,352 (54.6)

468 (40.6)

<0.001

No. of medicines

Self-reported

Median (IQR)

2 (0, 4)

1 (0, 3)

<0.001

 

BPH-Medicine

N (%)

166 (4.7)

21 (1.8)

<0.002

 

Aspirin

N (%)

673 (27.2)

216 (18.7)

<0.001

 

Statin

N (%)

869 (35.1)

277 (24.0)

<0.001

GMS eligibility

At time of CAPI

N (%)

1,072 (43.3)

544 (47.2)

0.029

Physical, mental and emotional health

Overall health1

Excellent/Very good

N (%)

1,398 (56.5)

601 (52.3)

0.012

Good

N (%)

690 (27.9)

376 (32.7)

 

Fair/Poor

N (%)

386 (15.6)

173 (15.0)

 

No. chronic illnesses

 

Median (IQR)

2 (1, 3)

1 (0,2)

<0.001

Cancer diagnosis

Ever

N (%)

179 (7.2)

24 (2.1)

<0.001

 

Prostate cancer

N (%)

93 (3.8)

0 (0)

<0.001

Frailty

Not frail

N (%)

1,265 (51.1)

486 (42.2)

<0.001

 

Pre-frail

N (%)

481 (19.5)

244 (21.2)

 
 

Frail

N (%)

57 (2.3)

23 (2.0)

 
 

Unrecorded

N (%)

670 (27.1)

400 (34.7)

 

Emotional/Mental health1

Excellent/Very good

N (%)

1,604 (64.8)

689 (59.8)

0.007

Good

N (%)

676 (27.3)

347 (30.1)

 

Fair/Poor

N (%)

195 (7.9)

117 (10.2)

 

Depression score

CESD

Median (IQR)

3 (0, 6)

3 (1, 8)

0.001

Depression

No

N (%)

1,954 (79.9)

847 (74.6)

0.002

Sub-threshold

N (%)

344 (14.1)

200 (17.6)

 

Case-Level

N (%)

151 (6.2)

88 (7.8)

 

Anxiety score

HADS-A (SCQ)

Median (IQR)

4 (2, 7)

5 (2, 7)

0.167

Anxiety categorical

Not anxious

N (%)

1,679 (67.8)

695 (60.2)

0.001

Borderline

N (%)

277 (11.2)

115 (10.0)

 

Case-Level

N (%)

118 (4.8)

75 (6.5)

 

Unclassified

N (%)

401 (16.2)

268 (23.2)

 

Cognition

MMSE score

Median (IQR)

29 (27, 30)

29 (28, 30)

 

MMSE categorical

Normal

N (%)

1,677 (67.8)

699 (60.6)

<0.001

Mild /moderate Impairment

N (%)

157 (6.3)

83 (7.2)

 
 

Unrecorded

N (%)

641 (25.9)

371 (32.2)

 
  1. 1Self-rated overall and emotional or mental health relative to others of the same age; PHI: Private Health Insurance; CAPI: Computer Aided Personal Interview; SCQ: self-completed questionnaire, IQR: Interquartile range.