Table 3 Characteristics of the study population
From: Self-rated health in multimorbid older general practice patients: a cross-sectional study in Germany
Total (n = 3189) | Men (n = 1298) | Women (n = 1891) | P value2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Self-rated health (SRH) (Mean (SD)) | 62.4 (18.2) | 63.6 (18.4) | 61.6 (18.0) | 0.003 | |
Demographic variables | |||||
Age, in years (Mean (SD)) | 74.4 (5.2) | 74.0 (5.1) | 74.7 (5.3) | 0.001 | |
Marital status (N (%)) | |||||
Married | 1863 (58.4%) | 1026 (79.0) | 837 (44.3) | ||
Single | 188 (5.9%) | 56 (4.3) | 132 (7.0) | ||
Divorced | 256 (8.0%) | 74 (5.7) | 182 (9.6) | ||
Widowed | 882 (27.7%) | 142 (10.9) | 740 (39.1) | < 0.001 | (df = 3) |
Living conditions (N (%)) | |||||
One person household | 1128 (35.4%) | 229 (17.6) | 899 (47.5) | ||
Living with partner/spouse | 1847 (57.9%) | 1021 (78.7) | 826 (43.7) | ||
Living with others 1 | 214 (6.7%) | 48 (3.7) | 166 (8.8) | < 0.001 | (df = 2) |
Education (N (%)) | |||||
Low | 1986 (62.3%) | 753 (58.0) | 1233 (65.2) | ||
Intermediate | 856 (26.8%) | 306 (23.6) | 550 (29.1) | ||
High | 347 (10.9%) | 239 (18.4) | 108 (5.7) | < 0.001 | (df = 2) |
Monthly income (in Euro) (Mean (SD)) | 1412.2 (705.9) | 1517.0 (833.0) | 1340.3 (593.0) | < 0.001 | |
Lifestyle variables | |||||
Smoking behavior (N (%)) | |||||
Current smoker | 292 (9.2%) | 153 (11.8) | 139 (7.3) | ||
Former smoker | 1361 (42.7%) | 819 (63.1) | 542 (28.7) | ||
Non smoker | 1532 (48.0%) | 324 (25.0) | 1208 (63.9) | < 0.001 | (df = 2) |
Body mass index (Mean (SD)) | 28.2 (4.9) | 28.1 (4.0) | 28.3 (5.4) | n.s. | |
Alcohol habits score (Mean (SD)) | 2.2 (1.9) | 3.0 (2.2) | 1.6 (1.5) | < 0.001 | |
Physical activity (in 1000 MET minutes/week) (Mean (SD)) | 2.2 (2.5) | 2.6 (2.8) | 1.9 (2.2) | < 0.001 | |
Psychological variables | |||||
Self-efficacy (SWE) (Mean (SD)) | 3.3 (0.6) | 3.4 (0.5) | 3.2 (0.6) | < 0.001 | |
Social support (F-SOZU) (Mean (SD)) | 4.1 (0.7) | 4.1 (0.7) | 4.1 (0.7) | n.s. | |
Depression (GDS) (Mean (SD)) | 2.6 (2.6) | 2.3 (2.5) | 2.8 (2.7) | < 0.001 | |
Somatization (4DBL) (Mean (SD)) | 7.0 (5.1) | 5.7 (4.7) | 7.8 (5.2) | < 0.001 | |
Anxiety (4DBL) (Mean (SD)) | 1.0 (2.2) | 0.6 (1.7) | 1.3 (2.4) | < 0.001 | |
Depression (4DBL) (Mean (SD)) | 0.8 (2.0) | 0.7 (1.8) | 1.0 (2.1) | < 0.001 | |
Distress (4DBL) (Mean (SD)) | 5.9 (5.3) | 4.7 (4.7) | 6.8 (5.5) | < 0.001 | |
Disease-related variables | |||||
Characteristic pain intensity (GCPS) (Mean (SD)) | 34.5 (25.5) | 28.1 (24.7) | 39.0 (25.2) | < 0.001 | |
Disability score (GCPS) (Mean (SD)) | 26.0 (29.2) | 20.2 (27.3) | 30.0 (29.2) | < 0.001 | |