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Table 3 GP advice on diet and physical activity and status of health, lifestyle risk factors, accessing to primary health care and health self-management, adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics

From: Preventive care in general practice among healthy older New South Wales residents

 

Dietary and physical activities advice

Characteristics

Eating less cholesterol diet

Eating more fruits & vegetables

More physical activity

  

% Diet

RR crude (95% CI)

RR adj. (95% CI)*

% FV

RR crude (95% CI)

RR adj. (95% CI)*

% PA

RR crude (95% CI)

RR adj. (95% CI)*

Demographics

          

Gender

Female (†)

26.0

1

1

12.9

1

1

19.5

1

1

 

Male

27.4

1.06(1.02, 1.09)

1.07(1.03, 1.11)

19.3

1.50(1.43, 1.57)

1.56(1.48, 1.63)

20.6

1.06(1.02, 1.10)

1.09(1.05, 1.14)

Age group

45-59 (†)

26.3

1

1

15.5

1

1

21.3

1

1

 

60-74-

26.8

1.02(0.99, 1.05)

0.97(0.93, 1.00)

15.6

1.00(0.96, 1.05)

0.86(0.82, 0.91)

18.5

0.87(0.84, 0.90)

0.82(0.78, 0.86)

Country of birth

Australia (†)

26.4

1

1

14.8

1

1

1

1

 
 

Overseas

27.1

1.03(0.99, 1.07)

1.03(0.99, 1.07)

18.2

1.23(1.17, 1.30)

1.22(1.16, 1.29)

21.3

1.09(1.04, 1.14)

1.09(1.04, 1.14)

Rurality (ARIA+)

Major City(†)

27.6

1

1

16.9

1

1

22.0

1

1

 

Inner Regional

25.9

0.94(0.90,0.98)

0.92(0.88,0. 96)

14.7

0.87(0.82,0.93)

0.85(0.80, 0.90)

19.0

0.86(0.82,0.91)

0.85(0.80, 0.89)

 

Outer/Remote

26.8

0.97(0.93, 1.02)

0.94(0.90, 0.99)

15.2

0.90(0.84, 0.97)

0.87(0.81, 0.93)

18.3

0.83(0.78, 0.88)

0.81(0.76, 0.86)

Socioeconomic status

          

Education

Less than Year 10

31.5

1.34(1.26, 1.43)

1.33(1.24, 1.42)

22.7

1.78(1.64, 1.94)

1.69(1.55, 1.85)

24.6

1.34(1.24, 1.45)

1.39(1.29, 1.51)

 

Year 10

28.3

1.21(1.15, 1.27)

1.21(1.15, 1.28)

16.5

1.30(1.21, 1.39)

1.40(1.30, 1.50)

21.1

1.15(1.08, 1.22)

1.22(1.15, 1.30)

 

Year 12

28.0

1.20(1.14, 1.26)

1.17(1.12, 1.24)

17.9

1.41(1.31, 1.51)

1.28(1.19, 1.38)

20.3

1.10(1.04, 1.17)

1.11(1.05, 1.18)

 

Certificate/diploma

26.3

1.12(1.07, 1.18)

1.12(1.07, 1.18)

14.1

1.11(1.03, 1.18)

1.12(1.04, 1.20)

19.1

1.04(0.98, 1.10)

1.06(1.00, 1.12)

 

University (†)

23.4

1

1

12.7

1

1

18.4

1

1

Household income

<$20,000

29.5

1.18(1.11, 1.25)

1.10(1.03, 1.18)

21.6

1.54(1.42, 1.66)

1.49(1.37, 1.61)

23.0

1.15(1.08, 1.24)

1.18(1.10, 1.28)

 

$20,000-$39,999

27.2

1.08(1.03, 1.14)

1.04(0.98, 1.09)

15.9

1.13(1.06, 1.21)

1.13(1.05, 1.22)

19.4

0.97(0.92, 1.03)

1.02(0.96, 1.09)

 

$40,000-$59,999

27.1

1.08(1.03, 1.14)

1.05(0.99, 1.11)

15.2

1.08(1.01, 1.17)

1.09(1.01, 1.18)

19.3

0.97(0.91, 1.03)

1.01(0.95, 1.08)

 

$60,000-$79,999

26.3

1.05(0.99, 1.11)

1.03(0.97, 1.09)

15.0

1.07(0.98, 1.16)

1.07(0.99, 1.16)

19.9

1.00(0.93, 1.07)

1.02(0.95, 1.10)

 

$80,000+ (†)

25.1

1

1

14.1

1

1

19.9

1

1

Lifestyle risk factors

          

Smoking status

Current

26.4

1.01(0.94, 1.09)

0.96(0.89, 1.04)

17.4

1.16(1.05, 1.28)

0.99(0.90, 1.09)

21.0

1.07(0.98, 1.17)

0.99(0.91, 1.08)

 

Ex-smoker

27.5

1.06(1.02, 1.10)

1.04(1.00, 1.07)

16.3

1.09(1.03, 1.14)

1.00(0.95, 1.05)

20.4

1.04(1.00, 1.09)

1.02(0.98, 1.07)

 

Never smoked (†)

26.0

1

1

15.0

1

1

19.6

1

1

BMI

Underweight

24.9

1.49(1.39, 1.61)

1.48(1.37, 1.59)

15.6

1.74(1.57, 1.93)

1.70(1.54, 1.88)

18.0

1.91(1.74, 2.11)

1.94(1.77, 2.14)

 

Normal weight (†)

16.7

1

1

8.9

1

1

9.4

1

1

 

Over weight

27.2

1.63(1.56, 1.71)

1.62(1.55, 1.70)

15.8

1.77(1.65, 1.89)

1.64(1.54, 1.76)

19.4

2.07(1.95, 2.21)

2.09(1.96, 2.22)

 

Obese

42.6

2.55(2.44, 2.67)

2.52(2.41, 2.64)

26.2

2.93(2.74, 3.13)

2.76(2.59, 2.95)

39.1

4.17(3.93, 4.42)

4.18(3.94, 4.44)

Physical activity

Sedentary

32.2

1.29(1.19, 1.41)

1.25(1.15, 1.36)

25.2

1.84(1.66, 2.03)

1.69(1.53, 1.86)

35.7

2.21(2.04, 2.39)

2.14(1.97, 2.31)

 

Insufficient

31.3

1.26(1.21, 1.31)

1.24(1.19, 1.29)

20.1

1.46(1.39, 1.54)

1.40(1.33, 1.47)

30.3

1.88(1.80, 1.96)

1.84(1.77, 1.92)

 

Sufficient (†)

24.9

1

1

13.7

1

1

16.2

1

1

Adequate vegetable consumption #

Yes (†)

26.5

1

 

15.5

1

1

19.9

1

1

 

No

32.0

1.21(0.93, 1.56)

1.11(0.86, 1.43)

35.2

2.27(1.79, 2.89)

1.75(1.40, 2.20)

28.8

1.45(1.10, 1.91)

1.28(0.97, 1.69)

Health status

          

Anxiety status

Yes

31.8

1.23(1.17, 1.29)

1.23(1.18, 1.29)

18.8

1.24(1.16, 1.33)

1.27(1.19, 1.36)

27.6

1.45(1.38, 1.53)

1.44(1.36, 1.52)

 

No (†)

25.9

1

1

15.1

1

1

19.0

1

1

Depression

Yes

31.6

1.23(1.18, 1.29)

1.24(1.19, 1.29)

18.8

1.26(1.19, 1.33)

1.28(1.20, 1.35)

27.8

1.51(1.44, 1.58)

1.49(1.42, 1.56)

 

No (†)

25.6

1

1

15.0

1

1

18.5

1

1

High blood pressure

Yes

35.5

1.46(1.41, 1.51)

1.46(1.41, 1.51)

22.1

1.58(1.50, 1.66)

1.56(1.48, 1.64)

30.3

1.74(1.67, 1.81)

1.80(1.73, 1.88)

 

No (†)

24.4

1

1

14.0

1

1

17.4

1

1

High cholesterol

Yes

47.5

2.05(1.98, 2.12)

2.06(1.99, 2.13)

26.6

1.93(1.84, 2.04)

1.90(1.80, 1.99)

29.7

1.62(1.54, 1.70)

1.65(1.57, 1.72)

 

No (†)

23.2

1

1

13.8

1

1

18.4

1

1

Access to PHC

          

Timing of visiting a particular doctor

Same day (†)

27.1

1

 

17.5

1

1

20.5

1

 
 

Next day

27.1

1.00(0.95, 1.05)

1.01(0.96, 1.06)

15.9

0.91(0.85, 0.98)

0.95(0.88, 1.02)

20.0

0.97(0.91, 1.04)

1.00(0.94, 1.07)

 

2-3 days

26.5

0.98(0.93, 1.03)

1.00(0.95, 1.05)

15.2

0.87(0.81, 0.93)

0.93(0.87, 0.99)

20.3

0.99(0.93, 1.05)

1.03(0.98, 1.10)

 

4-5 days

26.1

0.96(0.91, 1.02)

0.98(0.92, 1.04)

14.3

0.82(0.75, 0.89)

0.87(0.80, 0.95)

19.1

0.93(0.87, 1.00)

0.98(0.91, 1.05)

 

More than 5 days

26.5

0.98(0.93, 1.03)

0.99(0.94, 1.05)

14.7

0.84(0.78, 0.91)

0.91(0.85, 0.98)

19.8

0.96(0.91, 1.03)

1.03(0.96, 1.09)

Timing of visiting any doctor

Same day (†)

26.7

1

 

15.7

1

1

20.0

1

 
 

Next day

26.6

1.00(0.95, 1.04)

0.99(0.95, 1.03)

15.1

0.96(0.91, 1.02)

0.96(0.90, 1.02)

20.3

1.01(0.96, 1.06)

1.02(0.97, 1.08)

 

2-3 days

26.9

1.01(0.96, 1.06)

1.00(0.95, 1.05)

15.7

1.00(0.93, 1.07)

0.98(0.92, 1.05)

20.1

1.00(0.95,1.07)

1.02(0.96, 1.09)

 

4-5 days

27.2

1.02(0.94, 1.10)

1.01(0.93, 1.09)

15.0

0.96(0.86, 1.07)

0.94(0.84, 1.05)

20.0

1.00(0.91, 1.10)

1.02(0.93, 1.12)

 

More than 5 days

28.4

1.06(0.99, 1.14)

1.04(0.97, 1.12)

17.8

1.13(1.03, 1.25)

1.08(0.98, 1.19)

20.8

1.04(0.95, 1.13)

1.06(0.97(1.16)

Visiting GP urgently same day

Yes (†)

27.2

1

1

16.1

1

 

20.4

1

1

 

No

28.6

1.05(1.01, 1.10)

1.04(1.00, 1.09)

16.2

1.00(0.94, 1.07)

0.99(0.93, 1.05)

22.0

1.08(1.02, 1.13)

1.07(1.02, 1.13)

Self-management

          

Confidence in managing own health

Yes (†)

20.0

1

1

10.7

1

1

12.4

1

1

 

No

31.5

1.57(1.51, 1.63)

1.57(1.52, 1.63)

19.2

1.79(1.70, 1.89)

1.73(1.64, 1.82)

25.6

2.07(1.97, 2.16)

2.05(1.96, 2.15)

  1. † Reference category, *Adjusted for gender, age, remoteness, country of birth, education and household income. # Adequate 5 or more portions per day.
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