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Table 2 GP clinical assessments and status of health, lifestyle risk factors, accessing to primary health care (PHC) and health self-management, adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics

From: Preventive care in general practice among healthy older New South Wales residents

Characteristics

Clinical assessments

 

Blood pressure

 

Cholesterol

 

Glucose

Demographics

 

% BP

RR crude (95% CI)

RR adj. (95% CI)*

% BC

RRcrude (95% CI)

RR adj. (95% CI)*

% BG

RR crude (95% CI)

RR adj. (95% CI)*

Gender

Female (†)

90.3

1

1

71.1

1

1

66.1

1

1

 

Male

90.9

1.01(1.00, 1.01)

1.00(1.00, 1.01)

78.0

1.10(1.08, 1.11)

1.09(1.08, 1.10)

74.3

1.12(1.11, 1.14)

1.12(1.11, 1.13)

Age group

45-59 (†)

87.2

1

1

67.7

1

1

63.4

1

1

 

60-74-

93.9

1.08(1.07, 1.08)

1.08(1.07, 1.09)

80.2

1.19(1.17, 1.20)

1.17(1.16, 1.19)

75.4

1.19(1.17, 1.21)

1.17(1.16, 1.19)

Country of birth

Australia (†)

91.1

1

1

73.9

1

1

.4

1

1

 

Overseas

88.6

0.97(0.96, 0.98)

0.97(0.96, 0.98)

74.2

1.00(0.99, 1.02)

0.99(0.97, 1.00)

69.4

1.00(0.98, 1.02)

0.98(0.97, 1.00)

Rurality (ARIA+)

Major City(†)

91.0

1

 

76.1

1

1

71.3

1

1

 

Inner Regional

90.7

1.00(0.99,1.01)

0.99(0.99, 1.00)

72.6

0.95(0.94, 0.97)

0.96(0.95,0. 97)

68.4

0.96(0.94,0.98)

0.96(0.95,0. 98)

 

Outer/Remote

90.4

0.99(0.98, 1.00)

0.99(0.98, 1.00)

72.3

0.95(0.93, 0.97)

0.95(0.94, 0.97)

68.3

0.96(0.94, 0.98)

0.96(0.94, 0.97)

Socioeconomic status

          

Education

Less than Year 10

92.5

1.04(1.03, 1.05)

1.02(1.01, 1.03)

78.6

1.12(1.09, 1.14)

1.08(1.05, 1.10)

73.6

1.12(1.09, 1.15)

1.08(1.05, 1.11)

 

Year 10

91.9

1.03(1.02, 1.04)

1.01(1.00, 1.02)

76.0

1.08(1.06, 1.10)

1.06(1.04, 1.08)

71.5

1.09(1.07, 1.11)

1.08(1.06, 1.10)

 

Year 12

90.3

1.01(1.00, 1.02)

1.01(1.00, 1.02)

75.4

1.07(1.05, 1.09)

1.04(1.02, 1.06)

71.5

1.09(1.07, 1.11)

1.05(1.03, 1.07)

 

Certificate/diploma

91.0

1.02(1.01, 1.03)

1.02(1.01, 1.03)

74.1

1.05(1.03, 1.07)

1.05(1.03, 1.06)

69.7

1.06(1.04, 1.08)

1.06(1.04, 1.08)

 

University (†)

89.1

1

1

70.4

1

1

65.6

1

1

Household income

<$20,000

91.6

1.03(1.02, 1.04)

0.99(0.98, 1.00)

76.3

1.08(1.06, 1.10)

0.99(0.97, 1.01)

71.8

1.08(1.06, 1.11)

0.99(0.96, 1.01)

 

$20,000-$39,999

92.0

1.03(1.02, 1.04)

0.99(0.99, 1.00)

76.6

1.08(1.06, 1.10)

0.99(0.97, 1.01)

72.0

1.09(1.06, 1.11)

0.99(0.97, 1.01)

 

$40,000-$59,999

90.8

1.02(1.01, 1.03)

0.99(0.98, 1.00)

74.7

1.06(1.04, 1.08)

0.99(0.98, 1.01)

70.6

1.06(1.04, 1.09)

1.00(0.98, 1.02)

 

$60,000-$79,999

90.4

1.01(1.00, 1.03)

1.00(0.99,1.01)

73.3

1.04(1.01, 1.06)

0.99(0.97, 1.01)

68.6

1.03(1.01, 1.06)

0.99(0.97, 1.01)

 

$80,000+ (†)

89.1

1

1

70.8

1

1

66.4

1

1

Lifestyle risk factors

          

Smoking status

Current

85.9

0.95(0.93, 0.97)

0.96(0.94, 0.98)

65.4

0.88(0.86, 0.91)

0.89(0.86, 0.92)

61.3

0.89(0.86, 0.92)

0.89(0.86, 0.92)

 

Ex-smoker

91.5

1.01(1.00, 1.02)

1.01(1.00, 1.01)

75.1

1.01(1.00, 1.03)

1.00(0.99, 1.01)

71.2

1.03(1.02, 1.04)

1.01(1.00, 1.02)

 

Never smoked (†)

90.5

1

1

74.0

1

1

69.1

1

1

BMI

Underweight

88.9

1.01(1.00, 1.03)

1.00(0.99, 1.02)

70.5

1.02(0.99, 1.04)

1.00(0.97, 1.03)

66.7

1.05(1.02, 1.08)

1.03(1.00, 1.06)

 

Normal weight (†)

88.0

1

1

69.3

1

1

63.7

1

1

 

Over weight

91.5

1.04(1.03, 1.05)

1.03(1.02, 1.04)

76.0

1.10(1.08, 1.11)

1.07(1.05, 1.08)

71.2

1.12(1.10, 1.14)

1.08(1.06, 1.10)

 

Obese

93.8

1.07(1.06, 1.08)

1.05(1.04, 1.06)

78.7

1.14(1.12, 1.15)

1.11(1.09, 1.13)

76.4

1.20(1.18, 1.22)

1.17(1.15, 1.19)

Physical activity

Sedentary

91.4

1.01(0.99, 1.03)

1.00(0.99, 1.02)

71.6

0.96(0.93, 1.00)

0.96(0.93, 0.99)

68.5

0.98(0.95, 1.02)

0.98(0.95, 1.02)

 

Insufficient

89.8

0.99(0.98, 1.00)

0.99(0.99, 1.00)

72.8

0.98(0.96, 0.99)

0.98(0.96, 0.99)

68.9

0.99(0.97, 1.01)

0.99(0.97, 1.01)

 

Sufficient (†)

90.8

1

1

74.4

1

1

69.6

1

 

Adequate vegetable consumption #

Yes (†)

90.6

1

1

73.9

1

 

69.4

1

 
 

No

84.4

0.93(0.86, 1.00)

0.93(0.87, 1.00)

69.3

0.94(0.83, 1.05)

0.91(0.81, 1.02)

64.3

0.93(0.81, 1.05)

0.90(0.79, 1.02)

Health status

          

Anxiety

Yes (†)

92.7

1.03(1.02, 1.04)

1.03(1.02, 1.04)

75.4

1.02(1.00, 1.04)

1.05(1.03, 1.06)

71.6

1.04(1.02, 1.06)

1.06(1.04, 1.08)

 

No

90.3

1

1

73.7

1

1

69.1

1

1

Depression

Yes (†)

92.6

1.03(1.02, 1.03)

1.03(1.03, 1.04)

74.3

1.01(0.99, 1.02)

1.03(1.01, 1.04)

70.0

1.01(0.99, 1.03)

1.04(1.02, 1.05)

 

No

90.2

1

1

73.9

1

 

69.3

1

 

High blood pressure

Yes (†)

99.6

1.13(1.12, 1.13)

1.08(1.07, 1.09)

86.7

1.23(1.21, 1.24)

1.17(1.15, 1.18)

80.8

1.21(1.20, 1.23)

1.15(1.14, 1.17)

 

No

88.4

1

1

70.8

1

1

66.6

1

1

High cholesterol

Yes (†)

98.3

1.10(1.10, 1.11)

1.06(1.06, 1.07)

95.8

1.36(1.35, 1.37)

1.15(1.14, 1.16)

84.4

1.26(1.24, 1.28)

1.19(1.18, 1.21)

 

No

89.3

1

1

70.4

1

1

67.0

1

1

Access to PHC

          

Timing of visiting a particular doctor

Same day (†)

90.4

1

 

74.2

1

 

70.6

1

1

 

Next day

90.7

1.00(0.99, 1.01)

1.00(0.99, 1.01)

74.5

1.00(0.99, 1.02)

1.00(0.99, 1.02)

70.0

0.99(0.97, 1.01)

0.99(0.97, 1.01)

 

2-3 days

91.2

1.01(1.00, 1.02)

1.01(1.00, 1.02)

74.6

1.01(0.99, 1.02)

1.02(1.00, 1.04)

69.6

0.99(0.97, 1.00)

1.00(0.98, 1.02)

 

4-5 days

91.0

1.01(1.00, 1.02)

1.01(1.00, 1.02)

73.8

0.99(0.97, 1.02)

1.01(0.99, 1.03)

69.1

0.98(0.96, 1.00)

1.00(0.98, 1.02)

 

More than 5 days

90.6

1.00(0.99, 1.01)

1.00(1.00, 1.01)

73.4

0.99(0.97, 1.01)

1.01(0.99, 1.03)

68.7

0.97(0.95, 0.99)

1.00(0.98, 1.02)

Timing of visiting any doctor

Same day (†)

91.1

1

1

74.8

1

1

70.5

1

1

 

Next day

90.9

1.00(0.99, 1.01)

1.00(0.99, 1.01)

74.0

0.99(0.97, 1.00)

0.99(0.98, 1.00)

69.1

0.98(0.96, 1.00)

0.98(0.96, 1.00)

 

2-3 days

90.7

1.00(0.99, 1.01)

1.00(0.99, 1.00)

72.2

0.96(0.95, 0.98)

0.97(0.96, 0.99)

67.4

0.96(0.94, 0.98)

0.96(0.94, 0.98)

 

4-5 days

89.5

0.98(0.97, 1.00)

0.98(0.97, 1.00)

73.0

0.98(0.95, 1.00)

0.98(0.95, 1.00)

68.8

0.98(0.95, 1.01)

0.98(0.95, 1.01)

 

More than 5 days

89.0

0.98(0.96, 0.99)

0.98(0.96, 0.99)

72.9

0.97(0.95, 1.00)

0.97(0.94, 0.99)

68.4

0.97(0.94, 1.00)

0.96(0.93, 0.99)

Visiting GP urgently same day

Yes (†)

91.6

1

1

75.3

1

1

70.9

1

1

 

No

89.2

0.97(0.96, 0.98)

0.98(0.97, 0.99)

72.9

0.97(0.95, 0.98)

0.98(0.97,1.00)

68.2

0.96(0.94, 0.98)

0.98(0.96, 0.99)

Self-management

          

Confidence in managing own health

Yes (†)

90.5

1

 

73.4

1

1

68.8

1

1

 

No

90.6

1.00(0.99, 1.01)

1.01(1.00, 1.01)

74.3

1.01(1.00, 1.02)

1.02(1.00, 1.03)

69.9

1.02(1.00, 1.03)

1.02(1.01, 1.03)

  1. † Reference category, *Adjusted for gender, age, remoteness, country of birth, education and household income. # Adequate = 5 portions or more per day.
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