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Table 4 Linear regression models with self-efficacy for diabetes management as the outcome variable

From: Impact of communicative and critical health literacy on understanding of diabetes care and self-efficacy in diabetes management: a cross-sectional study of primary care in Japan

 

HL

 

Functional HL

Communicative HL

Critical HL

 

β

p

β

p

β

p

Model 1

0.004

0.948

0.365

< 0.001

0.369

< 0.001

Model 2

0.015

0.833

0.312

< 0.001

0.300

< 0.001

Model 3

0.010

0.891

0.292

< 0.001

0.298

< 0.001

  1. Model 1: unadjusted.
  2. Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, education, economic status, internet use, social support, time since the diagnosis of diabetes, number of oral glucose-lowering drugs, insulin use, and diabetic complications.
  3. Model 3: model 2 plus the clarity of the physician’s explanation.
  4. HL: health literacy.