How patients understand depression associated with chronic physical disease – a systematic review

Alderson, Sarah L; Foy, Robbie; Glidewell, Liz; McLintock, Kate; House, Allan

doi:10.1186/1471-2296-13-41

Table 1 Table of included Studies

From: How patients understand depression associated with chronic physical disease – a systematic review

Study & Year of Publication	Country	Gender	Ethnicity	Setting	Research Approach	Theoretical Framework	Depression status	Quality Assessment	Aim
ADDIS 1995 [25]	USA	Female > Male	not given	not given	Cross-sectional Survey	Reasons for Depression	Diagnostic Interview	C	To develop the Reasons For Depression questionnaire and measure its internal consistency and validity
ADDIS 1996 [26]	USA	not given	not given	Primary Care & Community	Cross-sectional Survey	None	Diagnostic Interview	C	To examine the relationships between clients reasons for depression and the outcome of treatment
ALLEN 1998 [27]	UK	Male = Female	not given	Secondary Care	Cross-sectional Survey	None	Screening Test	B	To examine the presence of depressive symptoms as well as attitudes to and knowledge of depression in a group of physically ill inpatients
AL-SAFFAR 2003 [28]	Kuwait	Male > Female	Arabic	Secondary Care	Cross-sectional Survey	Health Belief Model	Diagnostic Interview	B	To determine whether underlying attitudes and health beliefs of patients were affecting their decision to take their medication as prescribed
BACKENSTRASS 2007 [29]	Germany	Female > Male	not given	Primary Care	Semi-structured Interview	none	Diagnostic Interview	B	GP and sub-threshold depression patients views on diagnosis & treatment
BADGER 2007b [30]	UK	Female > Male	not given	Primary Care	Semi-structured Interview	none	Medical Records	B	Attitudes towards and use of self-chosen treatment in patients prescribed antidepressants
BANN 2004 [31]	USA	Female > Male	Mixed	Secondary Care	Cross-sectional Survey	Explanatory Model	Screening Test	C	To evaluate the psychometric properties of the EMD instrument
BOGNER 2008 [32]	USA	Female > Male	Mixed	Primary Care	Semi-structured Interview	none	Screening Test	A	Older patients’ perspectives on the relationship of heart disease to depression
BROWN 2001 [24]	USA	Female > Male	Mixed	Primary Care	Cross-sectional Survey	CS-SRM IR	Screening Test	C	To determine whether primary care patients’ personal illness cognitions for depression are associated with depression coping strategies and treatment related behavior
BROWN 2005 [33]	USA	Female > Male	White	Primary Care	Cross-sectional Survey	CS-SRM IR	Medical Records	B	To describe beliefs about antidepressants, examine the factor structure of the BMQ
BROWN 2007 [34]	USA	Female > Male	White	Primary Care	Cross-sectional Survey	CS-SRM IR	Medical Records	B	to describe personal illness models for depression and the relationship with functional disability
BURROUGHS 2006 [35]	UK	Both	not given	Primary Care	Semi-structured Interview	none	Screening Test	B	Primary care professionals ideas about depression in elderly and elderly views on depression as a problem & help-seeking
CABASSA 2008 [36]	USA	Female > Male	Hispanic	Primary Care	Cross-sectional Survey	CS-SRM IR	Screening Test	C	The aim of the present study is to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the IPQR adapted for a clinical sample of depressed low-income Latinos served in primary care.
CAPE 1999 [37]	UK	Female > Male	not given	Primary Care	Semi-structured Interview	none	Screening Test	C	Patients’ reasons for not discussing emotional problems with GP
CHAKRABORTY 2009 [38]	India	Male = Female	Indian	Secondary Care	Cross-sectional Survey	None	Diagnostic Interview	B	Attitudes and beliefs of patients of first episode depression towards antidepressant treatment and the relationship between beliefs and treatment adherence
COOPER 1998 [39]	USA	Female > Male	Mixed	Primary Care	Cross-sectional Survey	None	Diagnostic Interview	B	To compare the views of African-American and white adult primary care patients regarding the importance of various aspects of depression care
COOPER 2000 [40]	USA	Female > Male	Mixed	Primary Care	Cross-sectional Survey	None	Screening Test	B	To select items for inclusion in an instrument to measure attitudes towards depression care
COOPER 2003 [41]	USA	Female > Male	Mixed	Primary Care	Cross-sectional Survey	Theory of Reasoned Action	Diagnostic Interview	B	The objective of this study was to examine whether racial and ethnic differences exist in patient attitudes toward depression care.
COOPER-PATRICK 1997 [42]	USA	Female > Male	Mixed	Primary Care	Focus Group	none	Medical Records	B	Health professionals and patients’ identifying attitudes that influence help-seeking
CORNFORD 2007 [43]	UK	Female > Male	not given	Primary Care	Semi-structured Interview	none	Screening Test	A	Lay beliefs about depression symptoms and how they manage them
DANIELSSON 2009 [44]	Sweden	Equal	Swedish	Primary Care	Semi-structured Interview	Gender Theory	Medical Records	A	To explore how primary care patients experience & understand depression and the impact of gender in this process
DEJMAN 2008 [45]	Iran	Female	Middle-Eastern	Secondary Care	Semi-structured Interview	Explanatory Model	Medical Records & Screening Test	B	Explanatory models of help-seeking and coping with depression in Iranian women
EDLUND 2008 [46]	USA	Male > Female	Mixed	Primary Care	Randomised Controlled Trial	Health Belief Model	Screening Test	B	To assess the extent to which beliefs changed in the intervention and treatment as usual arms of the study
FORTUNE 2004 [47]	UK	Female	not given	not given	Qualitative Writing & Cross-sectional survey	CS-SRM IR	Screening Test	C	To compare the structure and content of peoples models of depression with those of a physical illness
GARFIELD 2003 [48]	UK	Female > Male	Mixed	Primary Care	Semi-structured Interview	none	Medical Records	A	To identify factors of importance to patients when beginning courses of antidepressant treatment
GASK 2003 [49]	UK	Female > Male	not given	Primary Care	Semi-structured Interview	none	Medical Records	B	To explore depressed patients’ perceptions of the quality of care from GP’s
GIVENS 2006 [50]	USA	Female > Male	not given	Primary Care	Semi-structured Interview	Explanatory Model	Diagnostic Interview	B	To understand why older people are adverse to using antidepressants
GIVENS 2007 [51]	USA	Female > Male	Mixed	Online	Cross-sectional Survey	None	Screening Test	B	To describe ethnic differences in attitudes toward depression
GREEN 2002 [52]	UK	Female	Chinese	Primary & Secondary Care & Community	Semi-structured Interview	none	Screening Test	B	To identify barriers to Chinese women accessing help for depression
GRIME 2003 [53]	UK	Female > Male	not given	Primary Care & Community	Semi-structured Interview	none	Medical Records or Self Diagnosis	B	To understand patients views and experiences of taking antidepressants
HEIFNER 1997 [54]	USA	Male	not given	not given	Semi-structured Interview	none	Medical Records	B	To explore the male experience of depression
KANGAS 2001 [55]	Finland	Female > Male	not given	Community	Semi-structured Interview	Narrative Reconstruction	Self Diagnosis	C	To discover how people explain the cause of their depression
KARASZ 2003 [56]	USA	Female > Male	Mixed	Primary Care	Semi-structured Interview	CS-SRM IR	Screening Test	B	To explore patients’ conceptual labels of depression and build a theoretical model linking these to attitudes to treatment
KARASZ 2006 [57]	USA	Female > Male	Hispanic	Primary Care	Semi-structured Interview	none	Screening Test	C	To investigate Hispanic patients’ perceptions of primary care treatments for depression
KARASZ 2008 [58]	USA	Female > Male	Hispanic	Primary Care	Semi-structured Interview	CS-SRM IR	Screening Test	B	To explore the heterogeneity of depression experience
KARASZ 2009 [59]	USA	Female > Male	not given	Primary Care	Semi-structured Interview	CS-SRM IR	Screening Test	A	To examine conceptual models of depression in different ethnic groups and focusing on the degree to which patients conceptual models matched a bio-psychiatric model
KARP 1994 [60]	UK	Female > Male	White British	Secondary Care	Semi-structured Interview	Illness Career	Medical Records	A	How those suffering from uni-polar depression perceive, interpret, and understand a life condition that often seems incoherent, fragmented and intractable
KELLY 2007 [61]	USA	Female > Male	not given	Primary Care	Cross-sectional Survey	CS-SRM IR	Medical Records	B	To examine the relationships between beliefs about depression and emotion
KIRK 2001 [62]	USA	Female	Mixed	Primary Care	Cross-sectional Survey	None	Diagnostic Interview	C	Assessed pre-existing attitudes to depression and its treatment in a population of economically disadvantaged women
KUYKEN 1992 [63]	UK	Female > Male	not given	Secondary Care	Semi-structured Interview & Cross-sectional Survey	none	Screening Test	C	To investigate beliefs and attitudes towards depression in patients’ and compare them to lay people and psychologists
LEWIS 1995 [64]	UK	not given	not given	Primary & Secondary Care & Community	Semi-structured Interview	none	Medical Records or Self Diagnosis	B	To investigate the experience of depression as a meaningful experience
LEYKIN 2007 [65]	USA	not given	not given	Secondary Care	Randomised Controlled Trial	Reasons for Depression	Diagnostic Interview	C	To look at relation between beliefs and outcomes of therapies
LOWE 2006 [66]	Germany	Female > Male	not given	Secondary Care	Semi-structured Interview	none	Diagnostic Interview	C	To investigate attitudes towards treatment approaches
MANBER 2003 [67]	USA	Female > Male	Mixed	Secondary Care	Cross-sectional Survey	CS-SRM IR	Diagnostic Interview	C	To develop the Perception of Depressive illness questionnaire
MARTIN 2007a [67]	Brazil	Female	Brazilian	Secondary Care	Ethnographic observation & Semi-structured Interview	none	Medical Records	B	To describe the perception of depression for women in Embu, Sao Paulo
MARTIN 2007b [68]	Brazil	Female	Brazilian	Secondary Care	Ethnographic observation & Semi-structured Interview	none	Medical Records	B	To assess the meaning of depression in women diagnosed with the disorder, and the context of care given by the psychiatrists
MAXWELL 2005 [69]	UK	Female	not given	Primary Care	Semi-structured Interview	none	Medical Records	A	To explore GP and patients’ accounts of recognizing and treating depression
NOLAN 2005 [70]	UK	Female > Male	not given	Primary Care	Semi-structured Interview	none	Medical Records	B	To identify how patients treated with medication for their depression perceived the relationship with their prescribing clinician
OKELLO 2007 [71]	Uganda	Female > Male	African	Secondary Care	Semi-structured Interview	Explanatory Model	Medical Records	A	To examine depressed patients’ perception of depression
PANG 1998 [72]	USA	Female > Male	Korean	Community	Semi-structured Interview	none	Diagnostic Interview	C	To explore the ways depression symptoms are expressed by elderly Korean women
ROGERS 2001 [73]	UK	Female > Male	not given	Primary Care	Semi-structured Interview	none	Medical Records	B	to explore experiences of depressed people with their contact with primary care
SARKISIAN 2003 [74]	USA	Male = Female	Mixed	Primary Care	Cross-sectional Survey	None	Screening Test	B	To determine whether older adults who attribute their depression to aging are less likely to believe seeking help is important
SCATTOLON 1999 [75]	Canada	Female	not given	Community	Semi-structured Interview	none	Self Diagnosis	A	Explore experiences of depression and their ways of coping
SHIN 2002 [76]	USA	Female > Male	Korean	Community	Semi-structured Interview & Focus Groups	none	Self Diagnosis	A	To investigate Korean Immigrants’ help-seeking behaviours for depression & under-utilization of mental health services
SRINIVASAN 2003 [77]	Canada	Female > Male	not given	Secondary Care	Cross-sectional Survey	None	Medical Records	B	The implications for patients perspectives for treatment preference, delivery & medication compliance
STECKER 2007 [78]	USA	Female > Male	Mixed	Primary Care	Cross-sectional Survey	None	Medical Records	B	To investigate whether attitudes towards psychotherapy in a population of primary care patients diagnosed with depression influenced the likelihood that they initiated psychotherapy
UGARRIZA 2002 [79]	USA	Female	not given	Secondary Care	Semi-structured Interview	Explanatory Model	Medical Records	B	What is the explanation of depression given by a group of older women with depression
VAN VOORHEES 2005 [80]	USA	Female > Male	Mixed	Online	Cross-sectional Survey	Theory of Reasoned Action	Screening Test	B	To develop a multivariate model of intent not to accept a diagnosis of depression
VAN VOORHEES 2006 [81]	USA	Female > Male	Mixed	Online	Cross-sectional Survey	Theory of Reasoned Action	Screening Test	B	Specifically, we examine the relationship between five types of actors and low self-perceived need for treatment: beliefs and attitudes towards treatment behaviors, subjective social norms, past treatment behaviors, illness factors, and personal characteristics.
WAGNER 1999 [82]	USA	Female > Male	Mixed	Community	Semi-structured Interview	none	Self Diagnosis	B	To examine the reasons people choose to self-medicate with St. John’s wort instead of seeking care from a conventional health care provider.
WAITE 2009 [83]	USA	Female	African American	Primary Care	Focus Group	Explanatory Model	Medical Records	A	To examine the explanatory models for depression among a cohort of low-income African American women
WILLIAMS 2001 [84]	UK	not given	not given	Primary Care	Semi-structured Interview	CS-SRM IR	Medical Records	A	To explore the perceptions of cause of psychological distress
WITTINK 2008 [85]	USA	Female > Male	Mixed	Primary Care	Semi-structured Interview	Cultural Models Theory	Medical Records	A	To identify health beliefs about depression in older adults and how they perceive differ from doctors
WITTKAMPF 2008 [86]	Netherlands	Equal	Mixed	Primary Care	Semi-structured Interview	none	Diagnostic Interview	B	To understand the views of patients’ who screened positive in a depression screening programme
YEUNG 2004 [87]	USA	Female > Male	Chinese	Primary Care	Cross-sectional Survey	Explanatory Model	Diagnostic Interview	C	To use the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue to examine systematically the illness beliefs of depressed Chinese American patients seeking treatment at a primary care clinic.

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