Table 2 Studies comparing CBT-I to pharmacological therapies: post-treatment results
From: Comparative effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a systematic review
Study Follow-up & method | Group, N | Sleep latency | Total sleep time | Total wake time | Sleep efficiency | Other | Adverse effects | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CBT-I vs. zopiclone | SWS | Â | Â | |||||
Sievertsen 2006 [29] 6 weeks | CBT-I: 18 | Not reported | –26.2 min | –56.4 min | +7.5% | +17.2 min | None |  |
Zopiclone: 16 | –65.6 min | –3.9 min | –0.8% | –15.1 min | 1 withdrawal | |||
| Â | p = NS | p < 0.001 | p = NS | p = 0.002 | ||||
Polysomnography | ||||||||
Sleep diary | CBT-I: 18 | Not reported | +16.9 min | –48.3 min | +11.8% |  |  | |
Zopiclone: 16 | +34.6 min | –25.8 min | +8.1% | |||||
| Â | p = NS | p = NS | p = NS | |||||
CBT-I vs. zolpidem | ||||||||
Jacobs 2004 [30] | CBT-I: 13 | –15.5 min | –2.6 min | Not reported | +5.5% |  | No withdrawals due to side effects | p values based on number of patients with satisfactory latency or efficiency |
8 weeks | Zolpidem: 12 | –6.1 min | –51.6 min | +2.1% | ||||
Sleep monitor | Â | p = NS | p = NR | p = NS | ||||
Sleep diary | CBT-I: 13 | –33.8 min | +48.6 min | Not reported | +17.3% | |||
Zolpidem: 12 | –12.8 min | +69.2 min | +2.1% | |||||
| Â | p < 0.05 | p = NR | p = 0.007 | |||||
CBT-I vs. temazepam | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | WASO | Â | Â |
Wu 2006 [32] | CBT-I: 19 | –35.9 min | +21.6 min | Not reported | +9.2% |  | Not reported | p values based on post-intervention differences |
8 weeks | Temazepam: 17 | –44.9 min | +66.5 min | +14.3% | ||||
Polysomnography | Â | p < 0.01 | p < 0.004 | p < 0.05 | ||||
Sleep diary | CBT-I: 19 | –37.0 min | +38.7 min | Not reported | +13.4% |  | ||
Temazepam: 17 | –53.2 min | +73.5 min | +15.1% | |||||
| Â | p < 0.001 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.01 | |||||
Morin 1999 [31] | CBT-I: 18 | Not reported | +6.8 min | Not reported | +8.5% | –32.5 min | Not reported |  |
8 weeks | Temazepam: 17 | +35.3 min | +7.5% | –23.3 min | ||||
Polysomnography | Â | p = NS | p = NS | p = NS | ||||
Sleep diary | CBT-I: 18 | Not reported | +30.5 min | Not reported | +16.5% | –27.3 min | ||
Temazepam: 17 | +43.7 min | +10.3% | –25.6 min | |||||
| Â | p = NS | p = NS | p = NS | |||||
CBT-I vs. triazolam | ||||||||
McCluskey 1991 [33] | CBT-I: 15 | –44 min | +40 min | Not reported | Not reported |  | Not reported |  |
3 weeks | Triazolam :15 | –45 min | +57 min | |||||
Sleep diary | Â | p = NS | p = NS | |||||